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1、考试吧(E)-第一个极力推崇人性化服务的综合考试网站！声明：本资料由 考试吧（E） 收集整理，转载请注明出自 http:/ 服务：面向校园，提供计算机等级考试，计算机软件水平考试,英语四六级，研究生考试 等校园相关考试信息。 特色：提供历年试题，模拟试题，模拟盘，教程，专业课试题 下载等。资料丰富，更新快！ 考试交流论坛：http:/ 71 Back in 1922, Thomas Edison predicted that the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and.in a few y
2、ears it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks. Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed
3、 them into schools, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares classes with computers agai
4、nst similar classes without them casts doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israels primary and middle schools in the mid
5、-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for maths and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the classes teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed workshee
6、ts and, of course, computer programs. The researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the use of computers improved childrens test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of
7、 the maths scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid
8、for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this case since the money for the programme came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that
9、the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the authors, but the schools surveyed had been using the schemes computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade mat
10、hs scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that the costs are clear-cut and the benefits are murky. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classr
11、oom computers. And the only reliable way to make their case is, surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.注（1）：本文选自Economist；10/26/2002, p74;注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象是1999年
12、真题text4(1, 2, 3, 4)和text1第4题（第5题）;1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.A motion picture has revolutionized education systemB Edisons prediction has been proved wrongC Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD schools are cautious about Edisons idea2. Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy ha
13、ve done the following except _. A comparing the test scores of students in different age groups B interviewing teachers about their teaching methodsC launching the computer program in many Israeli schoolsD explaining students school performance3. According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli
14、 scheme, students didnt make improvement in their test scores because_.A other aspects of education were affected due to cash shortageB it was not long enough for the program to take effectC there was a negative relationship between computer use and test scoresD the use of computer was no better tha
15、n other teaching methods4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. A there hasnt been a proper study on this issue yetB school authorities should provide proof to support the computer program C installing computers in schools costs too much, but has little or no effectD chalk and talk work better than computer in teaching 5. The authors attitude towards governments packing computers in schools seems to be
