《名词性从句十大考点及热点问题.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《名词性从句十大考点及热点问题.doc(3页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、名词性从句十大考点及热点问题名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句,因此具有句子的特点,有主、谓成份;同时又具有名词性特点,所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点,也是高考的主要考点之一。无论是从高考的角度,还是从英语学习本身来讲,名词性从句的以下知识,都是我们必须弄懂和掌握的重点和热点问题。 一、引导词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。例如(NMET96):_ we cant get seems better than
2、_ we have.A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what解析:本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个引导词都必须充当成分,所以答案是A。又如(上海高考98):_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where解析:该题答案是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分): That t
3、he former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、引导词whether和if的用法区别。通常,引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时,要用连词whether,不用if;习惯上也只能说whether or not,而不说if or not。例如(MET92):_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That解析:试题中的从句位于句首,不难知道这是一个主语从句,所以
4、答案是C。但是当宾语或主语从句为否定句时,只能用if引导,不能用whether引导。例如(上海高考题92):_ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether答案是C,that不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句,所以不能用whether引导。 三、名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样,名词性从句必须用自然语序,即使在疑问句中,从句也不倒装(而在主句上倒装)。例如(MET91):No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man
5、will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like解析:由于从句不能倒装,所以答案只能是A。又如(上海高考题94):You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited解析:答案是
6、B。同时还须注意,从句的引导词必须始终置于句首,而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。 四、形式主、宾语。当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,常常将从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首。形式宾语也只能用it。例如(MET95):_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It解析:所需词至于句首,同时后面有that-从句(逻辑主语),可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believ
7、e, feel等动词后常可以带it作形式宾语。例如:Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如(NMET97):It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B.
8、 whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析:答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如(上海高考题99):_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever解析:答案是D,whoe
9、ver意为“无论谁”,表泛指。比较下例:I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人) 六、Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如(NMET99): I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where解析:
10、答案是A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。又如(MET94);Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if解析:答案是A,从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式,所以用how引导。 七“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如(上
11、海高考题98):It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever解析:答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。比较下例:Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代
12、词”引导的定语从句;引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语,所以要用宾格whom。(注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。) 八、名词性从句中有插入成分时。此时应注意两点:一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如(上海高考题95):_ you have seen both fighters, _ will win?A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you thinkC. When; whoever D. Since; who do you
13、think解析:根据上面的讲解,不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。 九、引导词that的省略。引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。例如:Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.A. what B. which C. 不填 D.
14、 it that解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导;又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是C。 十、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较:Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which解析:答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从句,(2)中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引导。(1)题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。