《呼吸(英文讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《呼吸(英文讲义.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Respiratory system Composition1Respiratory tract:upper respiratory tract:Nose,Pharynx ,Larynxlower respiratory tract :Trachea , Bronchi Lungs-paired organs of respiration2 Function: supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolismTwo parts: Divided b
2、y limen nasi 鼻阈Nasal vestibule鼻前庭Proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔 Boundaries Roofcribriform plate of ethmoid Floorhard palateMedial wallnasal septumLateral wallNasal concha: superior, middle and inferior Nasal meatus: superor, middle and inferiorSphenoethmoidal recessMucous membrane of noseOlfactory region嗅区
3、: located on superior nasal concha and opposing part of nasal septum ,contains olfactory cells Respiratory region 呼吸区: its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired airName of sinusSite of drainageFrontal sinusMiddle meatus via infundibulumMaxillary sinusMiddle meatus through semilunar hi
4、atusSphenoid sinusSphenoethmoidal recessEthmoidal sinuses: anterior group middle group posterior group Middle meatusMiddle meatus Superior nasal meatus The Larynx 喉Positionsituated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 in adult.Layngeal
5、 cartilages 喉软骨Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence at base of thyroid notch Superior thyroid notch, superior and inferior cornuaCricoid cartilage 环状软骨Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring图章戒指)Arch of cricoid cartilageat level of C6Larnina of cricoid car
6、tilageArytenoid 杓状软骨Paired, pyramid shaped, articulate with lamina of cricoid cartilageVocal process声带突anteriorly, site of posterior attachment of vocal fold声带Muscular process肌突Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic cartilage situated behind the root of the tongueLaryngeal cavityAperture of l
7、arynx 喉口bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds杓会厌襞and interarytenoid notch杓间切迹Structure featuresTwo pairs of shelf like folds : Vestibular folds 前庭襞Vocal folds 声襞Two fissuresRima vestibuli 前庭裂Fissure of glottis 声门裂Inter membranous part膜间部 anterior 3/5, between vocal-foldsI
8、nter cartilagrnous part 软骨间部 posterior 2/5, between arytenoids cartilagesLaryngeal cavity can be divided into Three parts： Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭Extends from the aperture of larynx to the rima vestibuliIntermedial cavity of larynx喉中间腔Extends from the level of the rima vestibuli to the level of the
9、fissure of glottisVentricle of larynx 喉室 a small recess between vestibular and vocal folds on each sideInfraglottic cavity 声门下腔extends from the level of the vocal folds to the lower border of the cricoid cartilageThe Trachea 气管Position: extends from the lower border of cricoid cartilage to the level
10、 of sternal angle (between T4T5 vertebrae) where it divides into right and left principal bronchiStructure featuresConsists of about 1620 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages , smooth muscle and connective tissue block the gap of tracheal cartilages.Carina of trachea 气管隆嵴 ridge隆起 of cartilage at
11、bifurcation into principal bronchiRight principal bronchus 右主支气管Shorter, wider, and more vertical than the leftForeign bodies异物are therefore more likely to lodge in this bronchus or one of its branchesLeft principal bronchus 左主支气管Narrower, longer, and more horizontal than the rightThe Lungs 肺Positio
12、n: located in the thoracic cavity by both sides of mediastinum纵隔General featuresCone-shaped, the right lung is shorter and broader, the left one is longer and narrower Apex of lungrises 2 3 cm above the medial third of clavicle into neckBaseconcave凹面的, related to diaphragm, also called diaphragmatic
13、 surfaceCostal surfacelarge, convex凸面的, related to thoracic wallMedial surfaceconcave, related to mediastinum and vertebraeHilum of lung 肺门：area on medial surface where structures in root enter or leave lung Root of lung 肺根ContentsPrincipal bronchusPulmonary artery and veinNerves and lymphaticsbranc
14、hial artery and vainSurrounded by connective tissue Order of structures in the root of lung From anterior to posterior: V.A. B.From superior to inferior : R.B. A. V. L.A. B. V.BordersPosteriorbluntInferior sharpAnteriorsharpcardiac notch心切迹 lingual in left lung 左肺小舌Lobes and FissureRight lungTwo fis
15、sures : horizontal and obliqueThree lobes : superior, middle, inferiorLeft lungOne fissure : obliqueTwo lobes : superior and inferiorThe Pleura 胸膜Two layersVisceral pleura脏胸膜adheres to lung, continuous with parietal pleura at root of lungParietal pleura壁胸膜lines the thoracic cavityNamed parts of parietal pleuraCupula of pleura 胸膜顶 exten
