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1、高中英语语法 第二讲 动词及动词词组第二讲 动词及动词词组一 定义：表示动作或者状态的词叫做动词。二 动词的分类其用法 1.按在句中的功能分类词类细分类定义例句实义动词 Notional Verb及物动词Transitive Verb后面要跟宾语She can dance and sing.不及物动词Intransitive Verb不能直接跟有动作的对象（宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to, of ,at后方可跟上宾语。She can sing many English songs.动态动词表示动作 give, take, work, run 等She gave me a
2、 gift.静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系live, lie, exist, have, love, like, dislike, hate, surprise, astonish, contain, include, guess, suppose, believe, doubt I think she will come here tomorrow.延续性动词动作可以延续rain, live, work, learnI have been working all the day.非延续性动词动作不能延续come, go, leave, start, arrive, join, f
3、inish, endHe left yesterday.系动词Link Verb状态系动词用来表示主语所处的状态be The girl in black is a dancer.Look at those boys over there! They are students of Class Two.感官系动词 表示感官feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells sweat.表象系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念seem, appear, look He looked very tire
4、d.She seems (to be) so sad every.持续系动词 表示主语保持一种状态或态度keep, remain, stay, lie, stand He always kept silent at meeting.This matter remains a mystery.变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样come, become, get, grow, go, turn, fall, runHe became mad after that accident. She grew rich within a short time.终止系动词表达“证实，变成”之意 (表示主语已终止动
5、作) prove, turn outAfter a long time, the rumor proved false. To our surprise, his plan turned out a success.助动词 Auxiliary Verb协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。它本身没有词义，不可以单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成宾语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或表示疑问或否定。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）be1 be+现在分词，构成进行时态be doing2 be+过去分词，构成被动语态 be done3 be+动词不定式 be to doa.表示最近、未来的计划或安排b
6、.表示命令c.征求意见d.表示相约、商定They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important. The window was broken by Tom.He is to go to New York next week.You are to explain this.How am I to answer him? We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.have1 have+过去分词，构成完成时态have done, had
7、done2 have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时have been doing3 have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态have been doneHe has left for London.By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.I have been studying English for ten years.English has been taught in China for many years.do1构成一般疑问句2 do+not构成否定句3构成否定祈使句4放在动词原形前，
8、加强语气5 用于倒装句6用作代动词Do you want to pass the exam?I do not want to be criticized. Dont go there.Do come to my birthday party.I did go there.Never did I hear of such a thing.-Do you like Beijing?-Yes, I do.will shall与动词原形一起构成一般将来时 (will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词) 情态动词shall 一三疑征求意见
9、；二三陈述意愿He will go to Shanghai.I shall study harder at English.He will come.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）He shall come.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）would should 1 should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称2would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.“What
10、 shall I do next week?”I asked（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）He said he would come. “I will go ”he said. He said he would come. （变成间接引语，原来的will变成would，go变成了come. would 只是will 的过去式）情态动词Modal Verb表示说话人对动作或者状态的各种观点和态度，如：需要、猜测、意愿、怀疑等。情态动词can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, ought to, ha
11、ve toHe can speak English.You have to finish it on Saturday.半情态动词used to, had better, would ratherYou had better take my advice.2. 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制定义分类意义例句限定性动词（谓语动词）Finite Verb动词的形式受主语人称和数的变化而变化人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第 一人称数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第三 人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last m
12、onth. 过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者We study English.主 动The road was filled with rubbish. 被动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望He has flown to America. 事 实I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿 望定义分类意义用途例句非限定行动词（非谓语动词）Non-finite Verb不受主语的限制，没有词形变化不定式to do起形容词和名词作用主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school.动名词V-i
13、ng起名词作用主语、宾语、表语、定语She likes reading.分词现分 起形容词、副词作用，表主动表语、定语、状语、补语The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.过分起形容词、副词作用,表被动The cup is broken. 时态 （按高考要求共十一个时态） 谓语动词 语态 （主动语态和被动语态） 语气 （陈述语气和虚拟语气） 主谓一致动词 动词不定式 非谓语动词 动名词 分词 （现在分词和过去分词）3. 根据动词的组成形式定义例句单字动词（One-Word Verb）单个动词The English language contains many words and phrase.短语动词（Phrasal Verb）动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。说明：构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。Turn off the radio.Let me have a look.Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.11常考动词词组1. agree vi. 同意;持相同意见1) agree on /about/upon sth (就价
