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1、第一部分systematic anatomy系统解剖学topographic anatomy局部解剖学macroanatomy巨视解剖学microanatomy微视解剖学surgical anatomy外科解剖学surface anatomy 表面解剖学X-ray anatomyX线解剖学sectional anatomy断层解剖学locomotive anatomy运动解剖学anatomical position解剖学姿势superior上inferior下cranial颅侧caudal尾侧anterior前ventral腹侧posterior后dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral
2、外侧internal内external外superficial浅profound深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧left左right右horizontal水平central中央Vertical axis轴Sagittal axis矢状轴Coronal axis冠状轴Sagittal plane矢状面plane面horizontal plane面variation变异abnormal异常dissection解剖cadaver尸体specimen标本model 模型bone骨long bone 长骨diaphysis, shaf
3、t 骨干medullary cavity髓腔nutrient foramen 滋养孔epiphysis 骺articular surface 关节面metaphysis 干骺端epiphysil cartilage骺软骨epiphysial line 骺线short bone短骨flat bone扁骨irregular bone不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨process突spine棘eminence隆起tuberosity粗隆tuber结节tubercle小结节 crest嵴line线fossa窝fovea凹foveola小凹sulcus沟imp
4、ression压迹cavity腔sinus窦antrum房cellules小房 canal 管meatus 道aperture口foramen孔hiatus裂孔head头capitulum小头condyle髁epicondyle上髁surface面border缘notch切迹compact bone骨密质spongy bone骨松质trabeculae骨小梁diploe板障periosteum骨膜endosteum骨内膜bone marrow骨髓osteoporosis骨质疏松症vertebrae椎骨vertebral body椎体vertebral foramen椎孔vertebral ca
5、nal椎管vertebral arch椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根intervertebral foramina椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板spinous process棘突transverse process横突 articular process关节突 thoracic vertebrae胸椎cervical vertebrae颈椎 uncus of vertebral body椎体钩transverse foramen横突孔atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebrae prominens隆椎lumbar vertebrae腰
6、椎sacrum；sacral bone骶骨promontory岬sacral hiatus骶管裂孔sacral cornu骶角coccyx尾骨sternum胸骨manubrium sterni胸骨柄 sternal angle胸骨角jugular notch颈静脉切迹body of sternum胸骨体xiphoid process剑突costal arch肋弓 costal bone肋骨costal head肋头costal neck肋颈costal tubercle肋结节shaft of rib 肋体costal groove肋沟costal angle肋角 costal cartilag
7、e肋软骨skull 颅calvaria颅盖 frontal bone额骨ethmoid bone筛骨sphenoid bone蝶骨hypophysial fossa垂体窝greater wing大翼foramen rotundum圆孔foramen ovale卵圆孔 foramen spinosum棘孔 lesser wing 小翼optic canal视神经管superior orbital fissure眶上裂 pterygoid process翼突pterygoid canal翼管temporal bone颞骨squamous part鳞部 mandibular fossa下颌窝 art
8、icular tubercle关节结节tympanic part鼓部petrous part岩部internal acoustic pore内耳门carotid canal颈动脉管styloid process茎突mastoid process乳突stylomastoid foramen茎突孔 occipital bone枕骨foramen magnum枕骨大孔parietal bone顶骨mandible下颌骨 mental foramen颏孔 ramus of mandible下颌支head of mandible下颌头neck of mandible下颌颈angle of mandibl
9、e下颌角mandibular foramen下颌孔hyoid bone舌骨vomer犁骨maxilla上颌骨infraorbital foramen眶下孔frontal process额突 zygomatic process颧突alveolar process牙槽突palatine process腭突palatine bone腭骨 nasal bone鼻骨lacrimal bone泪骨inferior nasal concha下鼻甲 zygomatic bone颧骨coronal suture冠状缝sagittal suture矢状缝lambdoid suture人字缝external occ
10、ipital protuberance枕外隆凸 anterior cranial fossa颅前窝 middle cranial fossa颅中窝foramen lacerum破裂孔 posterior cranial fossa颅后窝clivus斜坡internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸jugular foramen颈静脉孔pterion翼点infratemporal fossa颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝orbit眶nasolacrimal canal鼻泪管frontal squama额鳞inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂bony nasal cavity骨性鼻腔 superior middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、下鼻道paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦frontal sinus额窦ethmoidal sinuses筛窦sphenoidal sinus蝶窦maxillary sinus上颌窦 oral cavity骨性口腔cranial fontanelles颅囟 anterior fontanelle前囟posterior fontane
