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1、 Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise噪音的非听觉效应听录音，然后答复以下问题。What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece? May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared
2、 even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets
3、 to be associated with had science. One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption ”She was yet another victim, reduced to a
4、 screaming wreck”. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another pa
5、tient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement. What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are menta
6、lly ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like
7、to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and B
8、ritish studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage - which really is me
9、ntal health hazard. D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey New words and expressions 生词和短语 auditory adj. 听觉的 inadequate adj. 不适当的 plea n. 要求 abatement n. 削减 discredit v. 疑心 allegation n. 断言 caption n. 插图说明 wreck n. 残废人 snag n. 疑难之处，障碍 anecdote n. 轶闻 slander v. 诽谤 persecute v
10、. 迫害 squadron n. 中队 psychiatric adj. 精神病学的 diagnosis n. 诊所 orphanage n. 孤儿院参考译文 在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的很多人对噪声音有切身的体会，他们认为对这个问题进展调查中铺张时间，甚至不愿成认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面，那些厌烦噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们盼望有一个较为宁静的社会环境的要求。要求削减噪音是件好事，但是假如与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很圆满的。 常见的一种指责是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，最近一家周报登载了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插图，是一位表情懊丧的女子。图的
11、文字说明：“她是又一个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急迫地看完正文后，便知道这女子是个打字员，办公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是无法区分因果关系。是噪音引起了（精神）病呢，还是（精神）病的病症之一是对噪音的埋怨？另有一位病人可能同样有理由埋怨说，她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进展诽谤和迫害，不过，人们不会轻信她的埋怨。 对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进展讨论，看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了很多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难过。因此，假如你能想像出和几个中队的喷气机同在一个甲板上是什么味道儿的话，你就会熟悉到现代海军是讨论噪音的好地方。但是，不管进展精神病学的调查访问，还是进展客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。这个结果只不过证明了美国和英国早些时候的讨论结论：假如噪音对精神安康有影响的话，那也肯定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法还发觉不了。这并不是证明不存在噪音对安康的影响。但它的确说明，噪音的危急性 - 比方说 - 比在孤儿院长大所受的危害要小一些，孤儿院才是真正危害精神安康的地方。
