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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题一本好书就是一位益友。它始终如一，过去如此，现在依然如此，将来也绝不会改变。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的朋友。在我们身处逆境、痛苦不堪的时候，它也不会背弃我们。 它总是善意地接待我们，在我们年轻时给我们以快乐和教益，在我们年迈时给我们以安抚和慰藉。书籍的灵魂是不朽的，它们是人类迄今最为持久的结晶。【答案】A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change
2、. It is the most patient and cheerful companion. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far th
3、e most lasting products of human effort.2. 单选题All cultures have some system of measuring duration, or keeping time, but in western industrialized societies, we keep track of time in what seems to other peoples almost an obsessive fashion. We view time as motion on a space, a kind of linear progressi
4、on measured by the clock and the calendar. This perception contributes to our sense of history and the keeping of records, which are typical aspects of western cultures.Although our perceptions of time seem natural to us, we must not assume that other cultures operate on the same time system. For in
5、stance, why should we assume that a Hopi raised in the Hopi culture would have the same intuitions about time that we have? In Hopi history, if records had been written, we would find a different set of cultural and environmental influences working together. The Hopi people are a peaceful agricultur
6、al society isolated by geographic feature and nomad enemies in a land of little rainfall. Their agriculture is successful only by the greatest perseverance. Extensive preparations are needed to ensure crop growth. Thus the Hopi value persistence and repetition in activity. They have a sense of the c
7、umulative value of numerous, small, repeated movements, for to them such movements are not wasted but are stored up to make changes in later events. The Hopi have no intuition of time as motion, as a smooth flowing line on which everything in the universe proceeds at an equal rate away from a past,
8、through a present, into a foreseeable future.Long and careful study of the Hopi language has revealed that it contains no words, grammatical forms, constructions, or expressions that refer to what we call timethe past, present, or futureor to the duration or lasting aspect of time. To the Hopi, “tim
9、e” is a “getting later” of everything that has been done, so that past and present merge together. The Hopi do not speak, as we do in English? Of a “new day” or “another day” coming every twenty-four hours; among the Hopi, the return of the day is like the return of a person, a little older but with
10、 all the characteristics of yesterday. This Hopi conception, with its emphasis on the repetitive aspect of time rather than its onward flow, may be clearly seen in their ritual dances for rain and good crops, in which the basic step is a short, quick stamping of the foot repeated thousands of times,
11、 hour after hour.Of course, the American conception of time is significantly different from that of the Hopi. Americans understanding of time is typical of Western cultures in general and industrialized societies in particular. Americans view time as a commodity, as a “thing” that can be saved, spen
12、t, or wasted. We budget our time as we budget our money. We even say, “Time is money”. We are concerned in America with being “on time”; we dont like to “waste” time by waiting for someone who is late or by repeating information; and we like to “spend” time wisely by keeping busy. These statements a
13、ll sound natural to a North American. In fact, we think, how could it be otherwise? It is difficult for us not to be irritated by the apparent carelessness about time in other cultures. For example, individuals in other countries frequently turn up an hour or more late for an appointment although “b
14、eing late” is at least within our cultural framework. For instance, how can we begin to enter the cultural world of the Sioux, in which there is no word for “late” or “waiting”. Of course, the fact is that we have not had to enter the Sioux culture; the Sioux have had to enter ours. It is only when
15、we participate in other cultures on their terms that we can begin to see the cultural patterning of time.1.From the passage, the Hopi have no intuition of time as motion because（ ）. 2. What is the Hopis conception of time?3.The concept of time as a commodity in the last paragraph means that （ ）.4.If
16、 you were to visit a Sioux festival, it would probably be necessary that（ ）. 5.Which of the following views seems most opposite to the Western perception of time?问题1选项A.their way of living depends greatly on perseverance and repetitionB.they think it necessary to invent their own perception of timeC.their language does not contain words referring to motionD.they think everything should proceed in a linear wa
