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1、虚拟语气知识要点虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的
2、过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。He said he would go if I went.2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday
3、, he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had wo
4、rked harder, he would have got through the exams.=Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.=Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldnt do that.=Were I in your place, I wouldnt do tha
5、t.5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. But for （“要不是.”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.要点概括1. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时s
6、hould( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you.2. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If
7、 he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.3. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should su
8、cceed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate,
9、 suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advi
10、ce, decision, agreement ,command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.It was Bills suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.He gave us a suggestion that ever
11、yone (should) have a map.3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urge
12、nt, vital etc.Its natural that she (should) do so.It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.Have your gun ready in case we should need it.III: wish 后的 that 从句中:1. 表示现在
13、或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.I wish I knew his address.I wish I were young.2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.I wish you had written to him. I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.4. 如果that 从句中用would ,
14、 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.IV: 在 Its about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”It is about time you were in bed.It is high time we left.It is
15、the first time I came here.V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”I would rather he came tomorrow than today.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.VI: 在if only（“如果.就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only she had asked someones advice.(过去)If only the rain would stop.(将来)VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.He spea
