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1、虚拟语气要点一 语气 真实语气：正确使用各种时态 虚拟语气：用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设，猜测，怀疑等在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。二用法及动词形式（一）.if虚拟条件句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快
2、点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气） 1、 表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+ do If I were you, I would take an umbrella. （事实：我不可能是你） If I_ (know) his telephone number, I _ (tell)you. 2、 表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If 主语+ had done 主句：主语+
3、should/would/could/might+ have done If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. （事实：去晚了） If he_(take) my advice, he _(make)such a mistake. （事实：没有听我的话） 3、 表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+did/were if+主语+should do主句：主语+should/would/could/might+ do If he should come here tomorrow, I
4、would talk to him.（事实：来的可能性小） If there_a heavy snow next Sunday, we _(go) skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小） If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小） 注意： 1.错综条件句：主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时 If I had worked hard at school, I would be
5、an engineer, too. If they _(inform) us, we _(come) here now. If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. If he knew her, he would have greeted her.2.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。If he should agree to go there, we would send him
6、there.Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. If she were here, she would agree with us._, she would agree with us. If he had learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here._, we would have hired him to work here. 3.含蓄条件句： without/but for+ n. ,主句（would+ do/ have done） Oth
7、erwise/ or,+ 主句（would+ do/ have done）But for his help, we would be working now. Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。4. 虚拟语气中be都虚拟为were.（二）wish 后宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用
8、过去式 I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+ done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词：should/would（情态动词） + 动词原形 I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） 注：if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同
9、用法If only she could understand me.If only I hadnt lost my watch.He looks as if he would cry.They talked as if they had been friends.（三）一坚持（insist）二命令(order./command)三建议(advise./suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand/ require./request/ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + do。should可以省略。He suggested t
10、hat we (should) take the teachers advice. He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice. He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice. insist意为“坚持要求”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。 He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因
11、此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 注意：这类表示建议，要求，命令的动词的相应的名词形式，其后的名词性从句中也要使用should+do的虚拟语气。（四）It is necessary/important/ natural/strange /a pity / a shame + that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用（should）+动词原形。 Do you think
12、 it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao. It is strange that such a person should be our friend. （五）一般would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： 过去 had + done 现在 过去时(be 用were ) 将来 过去时(be 用were ) （would rather将来情况用一般过去时） Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. Id rather
13、you were here now. Wed rather you went here tomorrow. （六）表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式）It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. It is high time you should go to work. 情态动词用法1. can 表示可能与be able to do 同义，但是can
14、只强调能力，而be able to do 则强调努力做到；can 还可以表示客观的可能性。比如：Children can be naught.2. may/might 表示不太确定的推测，“也许”3. must 表示肯定的推测，“必须，一定”；另外must可以表示“非得，偏要”比如：if you must smoke, please go out. Mustnt “禁止”4. shall 与一，三人称连用，用于疑问句中，表示征询对方意见“。好吗？”与二，三人称连用，用于陈述句，表示说话人的一种语气，命令，允诺，警告，规定等。5. will 可以用作助动词，没什么意义；也可用作情态动词，表示意愿
15、。6. would do表示过去总是；used to do 表示过去常常而现在不做了。7. need/dare 可以用作情态动词，也可以用作实义动词。情态动词表示推测的用法1. must have done 一定做过某事2. can/could have done 本能够做某事（而未做）；可能做过了某事3. cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过了某事4. might have done 本可以做某事（而未做）；也许已经做了某事5. should/ought to have done 本应该做某事（而未做）6. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本不该
