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1、英语写作句法多样化专题 (Syntactic Variety)1. 并列关系a) 并列大量名词: n1, n2, n3, , and nni. A, B, C, and other Xsii. X, such Y as A, B, C, b) 并列名词性成份: n. + what/how/whether/if 并列复杂句i. what = something thatii. how = the way/manner in whichc) 并列形容词性成份i. a1 and a2 + nii. a1 + yet/but + a2 + niii. a1, a2 + n + thativ. a1,
2、a2, so a3 that/as tod) 并列副词性成份i. ad1 and ad2ii. ad1 + yet/but + ad2iii. ad1, ad2, prep.iv. ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as toe) 并列动词i. 并列动词a) v1, v2-ing, v3-ingb) S1 + v1-ing, S2 + v2 ii. 并列句子a) , and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequentlyb) not only/simply/merely but also/as well/evenc) neither nord) no
3、t that but thatf) 并列从句: that, and that并列复杂句i. that引导的宾语从句ii. that引导的定语从句iii. that引导的主语从句2. 重复成分a) 重复形容词i. a. , so a. that/as tob) 重复名词 (同位语结构)i. n., n thatii. 原样重复iii. 同义重复a) 归纳b) 演绎3. 从句a) whether/if/what/how做宾语b) when/whenever; while + -ing/-edc) if/whether + adj.d) what/how/when/where + to4. 倒装a)
4、 否定词(组)位于句首b) 比较句中的第二个句子c) 虚拟语气条件句中(Had/Were/Should)d) 表语提前的倒装i. prep.: Amongii. adj. phrase: Equally important is iii. -ing phrase: Matching is iv. as: Obvious as it is, this cause has always been neglected.5. 分割效果1. 并列a) 并列大量名词: n1, n2, n3, , and nnv. A, B, C, and other Xsvi. X, such Y as A, B, C,
5、 History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, and other abstract subjects have to be learned from books, or primarily from books.Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, has to be learned from books, or primarily from books.It is nece
6、ssary for everyone to read imaginative literature, such as poetry, novels, or mythology.It is necessary for everyone to read poetry and other types of imaginative literature such as novels and mythology.1. 并列b) 并列名词性成份: n. + what/how/whether/if 并列复杂句i. what = something thatii. how = the way/manner i
7、n whichMost parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than by proper pedagogy, and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how such neglect influences the future development of their children.Most students are eager to obtain knowledge, but they lack the sense o
8、f what is good, or what is necessary and how such a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as a whole would mislead them.1. 并列c) 并列形容词性成份i. a1 and a2 + nii. a1 + yet/but + a2 + niii. a1, a2 + n + thativ. a1, a2, so a3 that/as toa small town a small and peaceful towna good teacher a good
9、and very impressive teachera stupid decision a stupid and incorrigible decisionsimple yet effective methoda direct and simple yet magically effective methodan irrational yet understandable decisiona fair and balance, yet undesirable decisionobvious yet not the most significant reasonexpensive yet wo
10、rthy courseslow yet indispensable processA weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story.All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing the end of their useful life.T0105-P02-L3Most students can
11、 hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general, is undeniable. It will become even greater as computers get faster, small
12、er, smarter, and so inexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull, dry, and so boring that drives everybody in the class into sleep.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming, painstaking, and so hard that virtuall
13、y only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.1. 并列d) 并列副词性成份i. ad1 and ad2ii. ad1 + yet/but + ad2iii. ad1, ad2, prep.iv. ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as toA conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently, and with the full consideration of all possible aspe
14、cts concerning the subject.1. 并列e) 并列动词i. 并列动词a) v1, v2-ing, v3-ingii. 并列句子b) , and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequentlyc) not only/simply/merely but also/as well/evend) neither nore) not that but thatf) 并列从句: that, and that并列复杂句iii. that引导的宾语从句iv. that引导的定语从句v. that引导的主语从句An absent-minded teach
15、er lacks drive to make class intensely focused, often preparing nothing in advance, wandering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.l 主语相同的两个句子并列，“and”对应的中文应该是“也”。Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are the major source from which people obtain knowledge.书本记录着思想和理念，也是人们获取知识的主要来源。thereforel 2. , and thusconsequentlysubsequentlyas such Boo
