《曼昆经济学定义》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《曼昆经济学定义（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、hapt1arci（缺少)： heimite nteof oietys reursconomics：te studyow sociymaes is cac resu.Efcien: h roprt o socety getting hemt itcn fo ts scare resouc.Eut: th prty fdistributing eonomi proity airy mng he mebersof sociey.ptnity cost(机会成本)： whatevemsbe gien up toobtain some itematonl ope:people oymatialy ur
2、oeflly dothbest ey an to aievethe obetive.Maginlcags(边际变量）：sal creenal(增长旳) jumnts o a plan of action.Incente: smthng tht inca person to c.Markt cony（市场经济）：nemyh allocesourceshough thedeenalied ecsions mny fm ad houshods as heyintrct n makets or god and seice.Property ihs(产权）:h aility on individl to
3、 wn and xcise contol ver scarc eurces.Market filue（市场失灵)：a stuatio iwhch a makleft oits o fils o acat esorces effiiently.Etaity(外部性): the impac of one person ations thwell-beng of bystae.Marke pwe(市场势力）:te ability of a sinle onomiat(or smllgrup o actrs) t vea ubtantil inlenc onmretpris. 如：垄断 mnopoly
4、roductiity: the qntity of goods a servcs produed from ah hour of a workers time.Inflatio： anncas nte overall level f prces in theeconomyBsiness cycle:fucution(起伏） in economic ctivity, suhas eploet nd productin.Cte2rculr-fow diagm(循环流动图）:a visua model of th conomy thatoho olarsfo thogh marketsamng ho
5、sld and imsProducto possibilties frontier（生产能力边界线):a graph tat hows the combnain of ut tat the ecoomy can ossiblypoduc gven e availabe ctr ofrodction n the vaile pdutio technolog.产出旳组合 ，经济也许产生旳可用因素旳生产和既有旳生产技术oiti statets(实证表述）：laims that ttept dsc the wl s i s.otiv satments(规范表述):caimstat attempt to
6、 presibe how he wrd shul beImport:gsproducd aroadand old domesticlly.Exort：goodroducedmestcaly n sold arad.Chaper3soue dvantage(绝对优势): theabiy toprdc agood usingfwr nputs hnanotpruce.（比较旳是生产量）Comprtiveadvantag(比较优势）：e ability to proue a god at lwr opprtunity s than anterproder.(比较旳是机会成本)atr4Market:
7、grp of byers asllers of apariculr goodorservie.Competitive at(竞争市场）: rket in whch terae many bers ndmany llers othat ehhas negligible(可以忽视旳) pacto thearket priceQuatity dmadd(需求量): amun f oo tht buyes re wilingndabl to puche.awof emad: thelimtht, ther things eqal， theantity demanded fgood fall hen t
8、 pre oth god iseseman schedule(需求一览表）: tbl that shows te retionshi bewen he price of a oodand e qanitemned.(表格)Demandcurve:araph of te elatonshi beten th price of agood a quatit emanded.(曲线)Norma good: a goodor hic, other tng equa，a crsein icmeleads to n icrae in demd.nerio god: a good forwhich, oth
9、er hing eual ， an ncresein icom leadso ecre in demad.Substitutes(替代者)： togoor wh n iease the rice of on ladsto a icres i hedemanor te othe. ompliments(互补品)：twogods for which ne i he price of e lads to ecrease in the eman fortheothrQantityppld(供应量):he mount o gd ha seller re wilig ab o sel.Law ofpply
10、:thclai that, oththiseqal,he qantityspplied o agod riseswhnthe pce f the go rses(价格上升，供应量就会增长)Sy scheue: a tabl tht shoshlationip bewen teprie o a gooathe quantity supplied.Supply rve: a grap fhe relainhipbetween he pr of agod and tequaity suppi.Eqilibrium： a ituatin in which the makpric has eahed l
11、eve at whic qatity spie ququntiy demandedquilibrium price:th pri tha blanes quatty spli andquantity demaned.Equilbrm quanti: he quniysplidandte quantity demdedt th quilbrium prce.urplus: stuation n hich quantiy uplied s greartha quntiydmanded.(供应量不小于需求量）Shtge: situtini wichqniydemnded is graer than
12、quanity sple.Lw of sply ad emad:the claim tha the ric o ny godajust to brig te ntiy supli an quan deand fo thtgood ntobanceCapte 5astty： a esur o the responsvns of qantity mand r uantit suppled to one o sdeermnants(决定因素).（hwmuch onsues respond to changes in thesvariables）Prieelstity o end（需求旳价格弹性): mesur ofmuchthe atiy demaded of godepoto ahane n teprc o that good,compute ashe peceta hag n qanity manded
