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1、浅谈虚拟语气的十大句型安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学 葛 平虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句；2、名词性虚拟语气；3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： 句型1：If 主语过去时，主语should（could, would, 或might）动词原形,如： (1) If I were you, I would study hard. (2) If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为： 句型2：If 主语had过去分词，主语s
2、hould（could, would, 或might）have 过去分词，如： (3) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. (4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为： 句型3：If 主语过去时/should 动词原形/were to动词原形,主语should（could, would, 或might）动词原形 ，如： (5) If it should rain to
3、morrow, we would stay at home. (6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. (7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型,如:(8)If you had studied hard before, you wo
4、uld be a college student now and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：(9) Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.(10) Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.(11)Should it rain tomorrow, we wo
5、uld stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气： 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型： 句型4：主语（should）动词原形，如：(12) Mother insisted that John (should )go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）(13) It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句）(14)It is surprising that she shouldnt pass the maths exam. （主语从句）(15) The s
6、uggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）(16) Their demand is that their wages (should )be increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”“must”“could”等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型5：wish后的宾语从句： 与现在愿望不一致 ：主语过去时； 与过去愿望不一致 ：主语had过去分词/could have过去 分词； 与未来愿望不一致 ：主语would（could）动词原形。如；(17) I wish I w
7、ere you.(18) I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.(19) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.句型6：Its time句型：当Its time后用that从句时应该为： 主语should动词原形 或 主语过去时，例如：(20) Its time that you went /should go to school. 句型7：If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”，如：(21) If only he could c
8、ome! 他要能来就好了。(22) If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。句型8：would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：(23) Id rather you posted the letter right away.(24) Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.(25) She loves the children as if they were hers.(26) Alan talked a
9、bout Rome as if he had been there.句型9：without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如：(27) Without you, I would never know him.(28) But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.(29) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(30) I would be most glad to help you,
10、 but I am busy now.(31) I should have come to the party yesterday, but I was busy.(32) I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!句型10：If it were not for./If it hadnt been for.(要不是因为.) , 其后面的主句也需使用虚拟 。如：(33) If it were not for his help, I wouldnt go home now. (34) If it hadnt been for the determined captain, all the passengers on the board wouldnt have been saved.
