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1、2013年中考语法复习-被动语态和动词的非谓语形式一、被动语态概述 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。The door was opened by a stranger.这扇门被个陌生人打开了。二、被动语态的构成 :被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。 三、常用被动语态的时态变化a) 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词b)一般过去时：was/were+过去分词c) 现在完成时：have/has+ been+过去分词d)情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +done四、被动语态中常见的注意点
2、a) 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。如disappear, appear，happen, take place, last, cost, fit, die, belong to, fall等b) 注意make/see/hear/watch/feel sb. do sth.的结构，变成被动语态后do要变成to do。如：He made the boy work for him. (主动语态) The boy was made to work for him. (被动语态)c)常见的不用被动语态的动词：(1)系动词（be; look/seem/appear,feel,sou
3、nd,smell,taste; become,grow,get,turn,come,go; keep/stay;）(2)某些及物动词+副词也只能用主动语态：wash well, write well, sell well, wash easily. grow well, come outd) 常见的一些被动语态的词组get dressed(穿衣)get hurt(受伤)get lost(迷路)get washed(洗脸)get married(结婚)be covered with (被覆盖)be made of （由制成） be made by （由某人制造）be made in （由某地制造
4、） be used for （被用于） be used as （被当作使用）it is said that（据说） it is hoped that（希望）be charged with(被指控) be covered live(被现场直播)1. Chinese_(speak) by more and more people in the world now.2. The dustbins_(sweep) every day.3. The houses which_(build) 20years ago_( not sell) yesterday.4. He_(give) some piece
5、s of advice, but he _( not listen) to.5. When _the car_(invent)? 50years ago.6. I like the book which_(buy)in a small bookshop.7. Good books should _(read) again and again.8. More trees must_(plant) to stop the wind every year.9. Can these newspapers_(take) out of the reading room?10. Some of the pl
6、astic bags cant_(use)after June1.11. Great changes_(take) place in our city. Many new schools_(open)in recent years.12. The clothes _(iron)already. You can put them up.13. So far, many buildings_(set) up in his home town.14.The boy was often seen _(steal) the things in the shops.15. The tigers _(dis
7、appear)more quickly than pandas. 16. The cloth _(feel) soft. I like it. 17. The shop _(open) at 8am. and _(close)at 5pm.18. The 29th Olympic Games_(hold) in Beijing. The 30th Olympic Games_(hold) in England.19. How often _the school sports meeting_(take) place?20. Its said that the washing machines_
8、(sell) in this shop.They_(sell) well and _(sell) out soon.21. He was last seen_(leave) his office at 7 pm. last night.22. Rice_ also_(grow)in their hometown, and it _(grow) well.23. I didnt know when the accident_(happen). 24. We know Mars_(appear) red.1. 应该有礼貌地和老人交谈。The elderly_.2. 他必须立即做手术，否则会死的。H
9、e_,or _.3. 没有人能回答这个问题。The question_.4这个问题很容易回答。_.动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。(1)动词不定式：动词不定式基本形式是“to do”。它的否定形式为“not to do”. 作主语。To help animals is helping people. / It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well. 作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。A 下列及物动词可跟不定式作宾语：want / try/ dec
10、ide/ would like / hope / love / learn / afford / agree / fail/ prefer / wish /hope /choose /refuse /promise + to do; help+(to) do ; begin/ start/ hate + to do/ doing; forget/ remember + to do / doing B 及物动词+疑问词+不定式作宾语：tell/ show / know/ ask/ find out / understand / wonder/ learn/ forget / remember /
11、 teach sb. / discuss + what/ where / which / how /who + to do作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后面:They could not find a place to live in. 作状语：To arrive there on time ,I got up one hour earlier than usual.作表语,限用于连系动词之后：My job is to keep the goal.在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。 ask / tell / teach / want / would like / help / invite
12、/ like / warn / wish /encourage /allow +sb. / sth.+to do.注意不带“to”的不定式:make / let / hear/ see / feel / watch / have / find / listen to+ sb. / sth.+ (do). had better do sth ; why not do sth; would rather do sth. *(2)动名词 “-ing”。 作主语。如：Learning English all by yourself _(be) not so easy. 动名词可以作宾语。A need之
13、后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs repairing badly. My hair needs cutting.B enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ consider/ practice/ look forward to/ pay attention to/ devotetobe worth+doing /prefer doing to doing /be used to doing / see sb. doing Do you mind my_(close)the door? The book is well worth_(read).作表语
14、,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。*(3)分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词。主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完成的意思。1. There are a lot of reporters_(interview) the famous singer.2. There are a lot of books _(write) for children.Exercises:1. The old man seems_(be) in a hurry. 2.My uncle has given up _(smoke).3. He preferred _(sell) the old house_(buy) a new one.3. He preferred_(watch) TV to_(listen) to the radio.4. The knife _(use)_(cut) things.
