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1、被动语态补充讲义主动表被动的动词一、连系动词类变化类: become get turn grow make come go fall感官类: look sound feel taste smell显得类: seem appear look状态类: keep stay remain lie sit stand(prove turn out) 二、使役、感官动词类: see look at watch notice observe let make have/get hear listen to feel提示：吾看三室两厅一感觉三、主动表被动: sellwashburncookcutdrivedr
2、essplaylastopen writestartrunreadactdraw提示：说明主语的特点、性质、状态四、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组: consider suggest/advise look forward to excuse/pardonadmit put off/delay/postpone fancy avoid miss keep/keep on practicedeny finish enjoy/appreciate forbid imagine risk cant help mind allow/permitescape提示： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继
3、续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 “to”作介词 get down todevote tolead tobe/get/become used togo back toobject to 带有介词in succeed(in)spend/waste time(in)be busy(in)have a good/hard time(in)have difficulty/trouble(in) give up dislike feel likeinsist on cant standunderstand “值得”be worth=deservebe worthy of being
4、 done / be worthy to be doneblame是有被动，但不是这个形式你就记住一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。 1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need
5、to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） H
6、e has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这
7、项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。 A lot remains
8、 to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 6、一些与cant(不能)或wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写)，cut
9、(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如: The door wont open.这门打不开。 It cant move.它不能动。 7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如: The book sells well.这种书很畅销。 These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。 The pen writes well. 这
10、笔很好写。 8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。 What is to do? 做什么？ Much is to do. 太多要做的事。 9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。 There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。 I see theres a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。 ArchitectureArchitecture is the art and science of des
11、igning structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes. Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the h
12、uman environment in major ways.Architecture is a three-dimensional form. It utilizes space, mass, texture, line, light, and color. To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with a variety of elements. Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of
13、 life. It is the work of architects to create buildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration and delight. Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrich space, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically feasible. The client who pays fo
14、r the building and defines its function is an important member of the architectural team. The mediocre design of many contemporary buildings can be traced to both clients and architects.In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs me
15、thods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically. The worlds architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, or a combination of these in different pa
