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1、目 录摘要本研究的核心是气动射种,这是一种(与土壤)非接触式的播种方式。为了进一步探索气动射种的可行性,专门设计并试制了气动射种试验装置。气动射种试验装置由机架、步进电机、射种元件、电磁铁、电磁阀,控制电路等组成。用步进电机驱动排种器;电磁铁和电磁阀分别控制射种元件中排种阀和电磁阀的开关;控制电路实现步进电机、电磁铁和电磁阀的协调动作,完成送种、排种、射种这一工作过程;同时通过修改程序来控制试验参数;对射种元件中关键部件(排种腔体、喷嘴)的设计采用理论分析结合实际的方法,得出合理的形状和尺寸。装置的工作原理是:排种器排种后开启排种阀,种子落入排种腔体后关闭排种阀,开启电磁阀,种子随着高速气流通
2、过喷嘴喷射而出,完成一次射种。本论文首次提出了气动射种这一新型的非接触式播种方式,经过理论上的深入探讨,开始气动射种装置的研发,旨在开辟气动射种这一非接触式播种研究新领域,探索气动射种播种的机理和方法。关键词:气动射种,播种方式,射种器,农业技术,播种器装置 AbstractThe core of the research is pneumatic seeding which is kind of planting whose character is untouched soil. This equipment is comprised of trestle, stepper motor,
3、seed-shooting components, electromagnet, and pneumatic jet valve. The stepper motor drives seed-falling devicel;the electromagnets and pneumatic jet valve control the switch of seed-falling valve and pneumatic-jet valve respectively; Control circuit coordinates the stepper motor and the electromagne
4、t, Completed the work process of delivery-seed, arrange-seed, shooting-seed.; and seed-falling cavity and pneumatic jet nozzle were designed based on the analysis of theory and fact. Operation principle of the equipment is as follows: opening the seed-falling valve, when the seed fall into the cavit
5、y, the seed-falling valve was closed. Then opening the pneumatic jet valve, the seed with pneumatic jet through nozzle.the pneumatic shooting-seed comes out which is a new type un-contacted seeding manner. By the in-depth theoretic research, now start to explode the equipment of pneumatic seeding. a
6、im to cut new research domain which is pneumatic shooting-seed and no contacting semination, exploring mechanism and method of pneumatic shooting-seed.Key words: pneumatic shooting-seed,the manner of seeding,shooting-seed appliance,agriculture technology,seeding implement 目 录摘要IAbstractII目录III第一章 绪论
7、11.1 课题的提出及意义11.2 播种机械的发展现状与趋势11.2.1 国内外播种机的发展现状11.2.2 播种机械的发展趋势21.3 机电一体化与农业机械3 1.3.1机电一体化技术与播种机械的结合 5 1.4气动射种的研究现状61.5 主要研究内容61.6 本章小结7第二章 机械装置的设计82.1 总体设计方案82.2 装置总体设计82.3 行走装置的设计92.4 射种装置的设计9 2.5 送种机构的设计112.6 其它附属设备的设计、选择及注意事项13 2.6.1 喷嘴的设计13 2.6.2 种箱的设计16 2.6.3 输种管的设计16 2.6.4 排种器机械结构162.7 本章小结17第三章 气动射种装置的电路设计183.1 控制系统概述18 3.1.1 控制电路综述183.2 步进电机的选择19 3.2.1 步进电机的工作原理19 3.2.2 步进电机的优点20 3.2.3 驱动控制系统的组成20 3.2.4 步进电机的应用