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1、Chapter 2World Trade: An Overview6ContentsChapter 1Introduction1Overview of Section I: International Trade Theory3Chapter 2World Trade: An Overview5Chapter 3Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model8Chapter 4Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution12Chapter 5
2、The Standard Trade Model16Chapter 6Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade21Chapter 7International Factor Movements26Overview of Section II: International Trade Policy30Chapter 8The Instruments of Trade Policy32Chapter 9The Political Economy of Trade Policy37Chapter 10Trad
3、e Policy in Developing Countries42Chapter 11Controversies in Trade Policy45Overview of Section III: Exchange Rates and Open-Economy Macroeconomics49Chapter 12National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments51Chapter 13Exchange Rates and the Foreign-Exchange Market: An Asset Approach57Chapter 1
4、4Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates64Chapter 15Price Levels and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run70Chapter 16Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run76Chapter 17Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign-Exchange Intervention84Overview of Section IV: International Macroeconomic Policy92Chapter 18T
5、he International Monetary System, 1870197394Chapter 19Macroeconomic Policy and Coordination Under Floating Exchange Rates99Chapter 20Optimum Currency Areas and the European Experience107Chapter 21The Global Capital Market: Performance and Policy Problems112Chapter 22Developing Countries: Growth, Cri
6、sis, and Reform117Chapter 1IntroductionnChapter OrganizationWhat is International Economics About?The Gains from TradeThe Pattern of TradeHow Much TradeBalance of PaymentsExchange-Rate DeterminationInternational Policy CoordinationThe International Capital MarketInternational Economics: Trade and Mo
7、neynChapter OverviewThe intent of this chapter is to provide both an overview of the subject matter of international economics and to provide a guide to the organization of the text. It is relatively easy for an instructor to motivate the study of international trade and finance. The front pages of
8、newspapers, the covers of magazines, and the lead reports on television news broadcasts herald the interdependence of the U.S. economy with the rest of the world. This interdependence may also be recognized by students through their purchases of imports of all sorts of goods, their personal observat
9、ions of the effects of dislocations due to international competition, and their experience through travel abroad. The study of the theory of international economics generates an understanding of many key events that shape our domestic and international environment. In recent history, these events in
10、clude the causes and consequences of the large current account deficits of the United States; the dramatic appreciation of the dollar during the first half of the 1980s followed by its rapid depreciation in the second half of the 1980s; the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s and the Mexican cri
11、sis in late 1994; and the increased pressures for industry protection against foreign competition broadly voiced in the late 1980s and more vocally espoused in the first half of the 1990s. More recently, the financial crisis that began in East Asia in 1997 and spread to many countries around the glo
12、be and the Economic and Monetary Union in Europe have highlighted the way in which various national economies are linked and how important it is for us to understand these connections. At the same time, protests at global economic meetings have highlighted opposition to globalization. The text mater
13、ial will enable students to understand the economic context in which such events occur.Chapter 1 of the text presents data demonstrating the growth in trade and increasing importance of international economics. This chapter also highlights and briefly discusses seven themes which arise throughout th
14、e book. These themes include: (1) the gains from trade; (2) the pattern of trade;(3) protectionism; (4) the balance of payments; (5) exchange rate determination; (6) international policy coordination; and (7) the international capital market. Students will recognize that many of the central policy d
15、ebates occurring today come under the rubric of one of these themes. Indeed, it is often a fruitful heuristic to use current events to illustrate the force of the key themes and arguments which are presented throughout the text.Overview of Section I:International Trade TheorySection I of the text is
16、 comprised of six chapters:Chapter 2World Trade: An OverviewChapter 3Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian ModelChapter 4Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income DistributionChapter 5The Standard Trade ModelChapter 6Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International TradeChapter
