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1、徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）附录附录1英文原文The Evolutionary Rules of Production SystemAbstract: The competition among modern enterprises has been converted from products to capability. As the basis of competition, production system cant win the market unless it takes advantage of its capability in competition. Here in
2、this article, the evolutionary rules of production system contributing to the establishment, renovation, reform, invention and promotion of the production of modern enterprises are observed.Key words: production system rule evolution1. IntroductionManufacturing industry is the cornerstone of nationa
3、l economy and the source of national income. Especially, since 1980s, with the shift in business concepts and competition patterns from products to capabilities, the production system has been focused on manufacturing. The production system is the basis of competition among enterprises. Its vital fo
4、r any enterprise to pay more attention to strengthen their own capabilities and qualities so as to take the lead in competition in the Age of Knowledge Economy and New Economy. The 21st century is typical of high-tech, in which the production, possession, division and consumption of knowledge mean e
5、verything. Inevitably, manufacturing is faced with challenges and opportunities as well, which indicates a revolution to come. It has been proved by economic and natural laws that the fittest survives. We cant be tomorrow-winner unless we prepare for the future. Here in this article, the evolutionar
6、y rules of production system are observed to contribute to the establishment, refreshment, renovation, invention and promotion of the production system of enterprises. Thats the sound way to lead the national economic development to move steadily and smoothly.2. The Rules of the Evolution of Product
7、ion System2.1 The Expansion of Functions and Direction of MarketIn general, the production management is meant to plan, organize and control production activities in order to put out qualified goods efficiently, low-costly, flexibly and punctually to serve customers. With the expansion of the functi
8、on of modern production system, including the production of tangible commodities and intangible operations, like service, knowledge and information, the difference between manufacturing industry and service industry becomes dim. Most manufacturers are serving as supplies of services. Products in man
9、y industrial departments, in fact, are the integrity of hardware, software and services. The development of economy and technology in post-industrial society and Information Age made the demands in market less and less stable. Consequently, the status of mass production in competition declined incre
10、asingly. The changeable demands determined by customers disturbed the pattern of mass production and developed into variety and small scale.2.2 The Variety and Reasonability of Targets in Production SystemMarket investigations are performed when the production system is established, renovated and re
11、gulated in order to learn more about the demand, to set up practical goals and to regulate the specification, the output and the production speed of commodities. Some reasons for the variety and reasonability are shown as follows:(1) With the development of economy, consumers have converted their at
12、tention to various commodities and theyre keen on peculiar ones which are efficient and fashionable;Early target Transmitting target Modern targetHigh-efficiencyHigh-efficiencyHigh-efficiencyLow-costHigh-qualityHigh-qualityLow-costLow-costShort delivery period safe-productionSingle-productMulti-prod
13、uctBig lot-sizeMiddle-small lot-size(2) New commodities occurred as soon as old commodities lose their marker and vanished quickly. In this circle, the life spans of product are so short that many up-to-date ones have to be developed and produced in time;(3) Because of the severe competition, how to
14、 increase the shares in the market becomes an important target. To take the lead, enterprises are supposed to put out more and more new commodities.2.3 The Flexibility of Production SystemThe assembly line production and mass production used to be of low-cost but they were limited because of the var
15、iety, changeability and short life span. So the law of “scale economy” is being challenged in its application. Single-product production system couldnt adjust to the changes in market and in the operation of enterprise. As a result, along with the shift to variety and mass production, GT (group tech
16、nology), AM (Agile manufacturing), IMI (Independent Manufacturing island) and FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) are adopted. Especially, consolidating manufacturing islands based on the integrated manufacturing system with computer and IMI technology, on the whole, increased the flexibility and contingency.2.4 The Automation, Integrity and I
