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1、几个简答问题：1. What are the two components of the British parliament?2. What were some of Queen Victorias major achievements?3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War?4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War?Answers:1. They are the House of Commons and the House
2、 of Lords.2. Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and ne
3、arly a quarter of the worlds landmass.3. The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Because they were allied during the
4、 war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.2. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?1. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?Answers:1. The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain
5、 became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. Colonization of Newfoundlan
6、d, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire include
7、d a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the worlds landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world
8、. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britains colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.一、翻译：constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制 the Monar
9、ch 君主 Parliament 议会 House of Commons 平民院/下议院 The Government Party执政党 Royal Assent御准（女王批准）Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁 jury system 陪审团制 the Conservative Party 保守党 the Labour Party 工党 common law 习惯法 Crown Courts 王室法院 The Celts 凯尔特人Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁萨克逊人 Norman Conquest 诺曼征服 The Great Charter 大宪章The Hundred Years
10、 War 百年大战 The Black Death黑死病 Renaissance 文艺复兴Humanists 人文主义者 the Great Lakes大湖区 The US Congress 国会Secretary of State国务卿 the House of Representatives众议院 the Supreme Court最高法院 The Judicial Branch司法部门 the Boston Tea Party波士顿倾茶事件 Frontiersman拓荒者 The Bill of Rights人权法案 The Star-Spangled Banner星条旗 The Mon
11、roe Doctrine门罗主义 The Civil War内战 The Westward Movement西进运动 the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言 the Emancipation of Proclamation 解放奴隶宣言第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Bri
12、tain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale
13、s. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capi
14、tal: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independen
15、t countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and wes
