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1、 2022年高中英语 Unit 4astronomy Grammar导学案学习目标：1. 了解并掌握主语从句的相关概念；2. 完成与主语从句相关的练习；学习重点：it作形式主语的各种句式及虚拟语气的使用。学习难点：主语从句引导词的正确选择。预 习 案课文原句分析(P25-26)1. What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2. The earth became so violent that it w
2、as not clear whether the shape would last or not.3. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5. What many scientists believe is that the continued p
3、resence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.7. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved.探 究 案主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的句子，通
4、常放在主句的谓语动词之前, 或由形式主语it代替，而从句后置放在句子末尾。句子结构： 引导词 + 句子 + 主句谓语 + 主句其他成分一、主语从句的引导词从属连词 that (无意义、无成分、不可省), whether（有意义、无成分、不可省）连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever), whose(ver)（有意义、有成分、不可省）连接副词 when(ever), where(ver), why, how(ever) （有意义、有成分、不可省）That Tom didnt pass the exam made his mother
5、very worried.Whether we will have a meeting tomorrow hasnt been decided.What is the most important for us students is studying hard.There are 5 books here. Whichever you will choose is Ok.When and where we will go camping hasnt been decided.It is not clear why he was absent from school.How we can ge
6、t enough money is still a problem.二、如何确定主语从句的引导词原则：“缺什么补什么” （成分、意义）1. 如果从句中缺主语、宾语、表语，指人时用who(ever)，whom(ever) 或 which(ever) (有选择范围），指物用what(ever) 或 which(ever) (有范围）；2. 如果从句中缺状语用when(ever)，where(ver)， why， how(ever)；3. 如缺定语，用what，which或者whose（修饰名词或代词）；4. 什么都不缺，用that（无意义）或 whether （有意义“是否”）。三、形式主语it
7、有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 把主语从句放在主句的后面。 例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1. It is + n. + 从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is an honor that 是非常荣幸的 It is mon knowledge that 是常识2. It is + adj. + 从句 Its cer
8、tain that 是肯定的 It is likely/possible/probable that. 很可能 It is unlikely/impossible/improbable that. 不可能 It is clear/obvious that 很明显 It is necessary/important /natural/. that+(should) do3. It + 不及物动词 + 从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起It seems/appears that 似乎4. It + be + 过去分词+ 从句 I
9、t is said that. It is reported that. It is believed that. “据.” It is known to us all that. 四、主语从句中的虚拟1. 在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that 从句” 中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。2. 在“ It is necessary / important / natural /. that从句” 中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。五、疑问
10、词-ever与 no matter + 疑问词1. 两者都可以引导状语从句Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.2. 引导名词性从句只能用“疑问词-ever” whoever相当于anyone who whatever相当于 anything that whichever “无论哪个；无论哪些” 既可指人，也可指物，既可以单独使用，也可以修饰名词，也 可以跟of 短语连用。Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.Whatever you do mus
11、t be done well.Whichever book you choose is none of my business.六、主语从句需注意的问题1. 主语从句无论是用连接代词引导，还是用连接副词引导，总是用陈述语序。但应注意的是：有时连接代词既作引导词， 又作从句的主语，从句本身已是陈述语序，不需要再进行语序的调整；Who did it is unknown. 不知道谁做了这件事。What pleased the parents most is that their son has passed the test. 最让父母高兴的是， 他们的儿子通过了考试。2. 主语从句后主句的谓语动
12、词一般情况下用单数， 但当主语从句为what, who所引导时，主句谓语动词的单复数须依句子的内容而定；That they havent phoned is strange. 真奇怪，他们还没有打电话。What we need are books.What we need is water.3. that引导的主语从句时，that不能省略。训 练 案一、【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is mon knowledge.2. If she s ing or not is not very impo
13、rtant.3. That the professor said is very important.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.5. No matter who shares my interest will be my friend.6. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.7. That he likes books of this kind are very interesting. 二、 单项填空1. Before a
14、 problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. Why2. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom3. It was never clear _ the man hadn t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why4. It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike(罢工). A. how B. which C. that D. What3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; wh
