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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped t
2、o measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins.The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in popula
3、tions of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.
4、Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest, says Nimon. First they exhibit l
5、arge and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators （捕食者）to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other
6、parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimons findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently 一 and Nimons work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe
7、 that Culiks research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins, responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.1.Pre
8、vious research by German scientists has shown that （ ） .2.A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that （ ） .3.An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to （ ） .4.According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals
9、 that （ ） .5.According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguinss heart rates?问题1选项A.the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasingB.penguins are disturbed by the presence of a humanC.the number of penguins in Antarctica is decliningD.penguins of different spe
10、cies behave differently问题2选项A.penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activitiesB.penguin parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicksC.penguins are not threatened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantlyD.penguins
11、 abandon the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human问题3选项A.observe penguins heart ratesB.exchange for a real penguin eggC.monitor the hatch of penguin eggsD.measure penguins, body temperature问题4选项A.the two researches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they wer
12、e based on different species of penguinB.the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguinC.the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their later behavior by fitting a monitor on themD.the new research reveals
13、 penguins need better protection from tourists问题5选项A.Climate change.B.Tourist activities.C.Scientific research.D.Not firmly known yet.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“German”定位到第一段首句“Previous research.noted that the birds heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as fa
14、r as 30 meters away.”他们发现，远在30米之外的企鹅看到人类时，它们的心率会急剧上升。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。原文中并没有出现British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案。“.a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins.”行动缓慢、不太靠近巢穴的人类不会被企鹅视为威胁。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“artificial egg”定位到第一段第二句“But new
15、research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this.”由此可知，选项A符合原文。4.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“Nimon and her colleagues believe. with heart-rate transmitters.”Nimon和她的同事认为，Culik的研究在方法论上是有缺陷的，因为对企鹅的监控和反应需要捕捉和控制企鹅，并给它们安装心率发射器。选项C 符合原文。5.细节推理题。文章对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响这个问题进行了讨论。通读全文可知文章并没有得出什么具体的影响因素的结论。所以选项D正确。2. 单选题The virus attacks the plant, the flower does not open, and （ ） no seeds are produced.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.subsequentlyC.simultaneouslyD.spontaneously【答案】A【解析】副词辨析题。consequently因此，结果；subsequently随后，后来；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously
