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1、一、现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。1、构成：am/is/are+动词现在分词如：Be quiet, please！Your father is sleeping now. Look! The boys are playing basketball in the playground.Listen! The girls are singing a song. The children are playing in the park.2、现在分词是由动词原形加ing构成。现在分词一般构成规则如下：1）一般在动词末尾加ing.如：readreading, playplaying, sleeps
2、leeping, listenlistening, crycrying, eateating2)辅音字母+e结尾，去e,再加ing,如：writewriting, bitebiting, makemaking3)重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.如：sitsitting, swimswimming, runrunning, skipskipping,dropdropping二、一般现在时：表示经常性习惯性动作。如：I often get up at 6:30 every day.1、一般现在时通常与表示程度的副词（always,often,usually,never）连用。程度副
3、词放在动词之前，be动词之后。如：Marry always washes her face at 6:15am.My father is never late for school. Sally is often late. I usually have breakfast at 7:30am.2、当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数构成规则如下：（与名词的单数变复数规则大致一样）(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成workworks 工作 readreads 读 looklooks 看comecomes 来 livelives 居住 listenlisten
4、s 听(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-esguessguesses 猜 mixmixes 混和 gogoes 去finishfinishes 完成 catchcatches 抓住(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应将 y 改为 i 再加 -esflyflies 飞行 studystudies 学习 carrycarries 带，扛 有个别的变化不规则，如havehas, beis 等。三、名词复数的规则变化1.最普遍直接+S:desk-desks,pen-pens.2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词+es.bus-buses watch-watches
5、.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y改i+es:baby-babies country-countries.4.以f或fe,如:thief life wife half等,要把f或fe变成v+es.而特殊要注意的safe roof belief gulf chief等词就直接加S.a. 把f, fe变为v再加es，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 5 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse
6、-mice man-men woman-women2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese四、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态.1、与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday(昨天)，last night(昨晚)，last week(上个星期)，just now(刚才)，this moring(今天早上2、.结构: 主语+动词的过去式+其它He went to the park yesterday. Where were you last week?This morning , I got up early , went out for
7、 a walk , then came back and cooked for my family3、动词过去式变化规则1)一般直接给动词加-ed.look-looked,watch-watchedclean-cleanedplay-playedstart-started2)以不发音的-e结尾的动词变过去式直接加-dlive-livedhope-hoped use-used love-lovedlike-liked3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed.stop-stoppedplan-plannedtrip-tripped drop-dropped4)末尾是以
8、辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变过去式,要变-y为-i,再加-ed.Study-studiedcry-criedcarry-carried try-tried5)不规则动词过去式的变化:am,is-was are-were do-did have/has-hadgo-went come-camebecome-becamemake-made get-gotforget-forgot eat-atefind-found run-ransing-sang give-gavewrite-wrote wear-wore think-thought buy-bought bring-broughtteach-t
9、aught catch-caught feel-feltkeep-kept sleep-slept leave-leftdraw-drew throw-threw know-knew fly-flew take-took tell-told sell-sold say-saidspend-spentspeak-spokebreak-broke cut-cut put-put read-read can-could五、一般将来时表示：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。1、构成：主语+willshall+动词原形 如：I will go to school tomo
10、rrow.Tomorrow will be rainy.2、一般将来时也可用：主语+be动词(am,is,are)+going to+动词原形来表示如： What is Dongdong going to do? He is going to pick up a stone.She is going to shout at Dongdong. He is going to throw the stone at the tiger.When are we going to swim? Who are we going to meet? 六、副词。副词修饰动词放在动词后，表示“怎么样地做某事”，由
11、形容词变化而来。loudloudly slowslowly quietquietly quickquickly clearclearlysoftsoftly noisynoisily carefulcarefully happyhappily如：The children are playing noisily. She cannot hear her friend clearly.You are talking noisily, please play quietly. Mrs Zhao is dancing happily. 七、形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征
12、，常常意为“的a beautiful flower a happy girl a nice day an old man1、形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较, 其结构形式如下: A+be动词/have/has+形容词比较级+than+ B 表示“A比B更”This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮更大。My singing is louder than yours. 我的歌声比你的大点儿。She is younger than my sis
13、ter. 她比我妹妹年轻。2、形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 表示“之最”其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 Fairy tales are the less interesting stories. 童话故事是最无聊的故事。3. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-e
14、r和-est的方式构成： 原级 比较级 最高级young年轻younger较年轻 youngest最年轻 talltaller tallest softsofter softestold老 older较老 oldest最老 smallsmaller smallest loudlouder loudestclean干净 cleaner较干净cleanest最干净 longlonger longest greatgreater greatestb.以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er和-est.big-biggerbiggest hot-hotterhottest thin-thinnerthinnest fatfatter fattestc.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改i再加-er和-est.easy-easiereasiest busy-busierbusies happy-happierhappiest heavyheavie
