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1、必修四Un it 2语法一动名ing （作主语，宾语）动名词：否定式:1. I am sorry for not being able to come earlier.对不起，没能早些来。2. He didn t mriotlhaving been invited.没邀请他，他并不介意。3. What surprised us was the boy not being sillowed to see his mother.使我们意外的是不允许这孩子见他母 亲.动名词的 时态，语态主动形式被动形式一般式doi ngbe ing done完成式havi ng donehavi ngbee ndo
2、ne否定式在动名词（doing ） 前加上 not非谓语动词：1动名词：（可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语） 2动词不定3.分词动名词：一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时，也可在谓语动作之前或之后，有时可能没有明确的先后4. It happe ned in spite of my not wanting it to happe n.5. I was displeased at his not going away.6. What worried him most was their n ot going there.7. His not coming back made us
3、 much disappo in ted.这事还是发生了，尽管我不希望它发生 他不走我不高兴。最使他担心的是，他们没有上那儿去 他没有回来令我们很失望。关系1.没有明确的先后关系。Seeing is believing.Being careless is not a good habit.His job is teaching.Finding work is difficult these days.2. 与谓语动作同时发生。He kept smiling.We had a good time in dancing with them.3. 发生在谓语动作之前。I apologize for
4、not having kept my promise眼见为实。粗心不是一个好习惯。 他的工作是教书。现在找工作可不容易。他不停地笑。我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country .他对国家做了大的贡献而受至U表扬 After reading your letter I knew what had happe ned.看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。4.发生在谓语动作之后。He suggested bringing out a new type of bike
5、.他建议生产一种新型的自行车。I am thi nking of going to the In dustrial Exhibiti on this afternoon . 我想下午去看工业展览。Would you mi nd opening the wi ndow?把窗户打开好吗 ？动名词：一般式的被动语态1. No one enjoys being made fun of in public.没人愿意当众被取笑。2. He hated being treated like a child.他讨厌象对待小孩那样对待他。3. We pla nt trees to prevent soil be
6、ing washed away easily.我们栽树以防止土壤被轻易地冲走。4. There is no n eed of the bike being stole n.自行车没有被偷的危险。5. The fact of being supported by so many people is a great comfort. 有这么多人支持，这是极大的安慰。6. Frie ndship is the most importa nt in his life. He canbeing left alonirniBcpndra nge place.在他的生活中友谊是很重要的。他不能想象单独离开去
7、一个陌生的地方。 动名词：完成式动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，这时通常用动名词的完成时态。1. She denied having stolen anything .2. I have no idea of their having done such a thing.3. I don t remenNayrng met him before.4. Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.5. I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.6.
8、 Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.7. He did not admit having done anything wrong. 动名词：完成式的被动语态她否认偷过任何东西。我不知道他们做过那样的事。我记不得以前见过他。谢谢你费力帮忙。我很高兴你能获得奖牌。托尼不高兴是因为没有被邀请参加聚会 他不承认做过错事。动名词：作主语一.动名词形式做主语1. 动词的-ing形式直接作主语，往往表示经常性，习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作，通常直接置于句首.动词的-ing形式做主语通常表示事物化，抽象化
9、的概念，其谓语动词一律用单数.Reading aloud is a good way in learning Ianguages。大声朗读是学习语言的一个好方法.Wasting a person sstime same as killing him for his property 。 浪费别人的时间等于谋财害命。2. 动词的-ing形式常用于公共标语中，尤其与 no连用。No Smoking禁止吸烟 No Parking禁止停车 No Spitting禁止吐痰 No Fishing 禁止钓鱼 No Hunting 禁止 捕猎3. it作形式主语，动词-ing形式放在其后。 句形：It is
10、+ 形 + for / of sb. to do sthIt is/was no good/ use doingIt is/was hardly/scarcely worth doingIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing It+ be+ a waste of time (in) doing It takes sb. time to do sth.It is not good lear ning without practice. It is worthwhile making the experiment.做是没用的做是不值得的 做是值得的 做是浪费时间的花费某人
11、时间来做某事 学习而不实践这是不好的。 做这个实验是值得的。It will take the workers 3 years to build the buildi ng.It took me only a few minu tes to have breakfast.How long did it take you to clea n your room?It s very difficult for me to walk on theice.It was quite important for you to say that to him at that time.It s kind of
12、 you to help me.4.在“ There be动词-ing形式结构中作主语。There is no doing 无法 ，There is no sense (in) doingThere is/was no use doingThere is/was no thi ng worse tha n doingThere is/was no poin t (i n) doingThere is no jok ing about such matters.There is no point doing such a silly thing.不允许.做没道理做无用没有比做更槽做无意义这种事是
13、开不得玩笑的。 做这种傻事是没有意义的。1. Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail?2. The house showed no sig n of having been damaged.3. He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.4. Tony was very happy for not having been invited.你记得曾经给你寄过这样一封电子邮件吗? 这栋房子没有已经受损的迹象。他为下棋从未被击败而自豪。没有被邀请托尼很高兴。5. After h
14、e became conscious, he remembered having been attached and hit on the head with a rod.enjoy喜欢，include 包含，excuse 原谅，practice 练习，advise 劝告，suggest 建议mind 介意，delay延迟，forbid 禁止，keep保持，consider 考虑，miss错过finish 完成，appreciate 欣赏risk冒险，admit允许avoid避免complete 完成mention 提及prevent 阻止dispute不同意escape逃脱imagine 想
15、象quit停止resist抵制endure容忍celebrate 庆祝deny否定dislike不喜欢二.动名词形式做宾语1. v-ing形式作动词的宾语。可接名词宾语的动词有:disc on ti nue 中断 recall 回忆 sta nd 忍受 口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，consider suggest/advise look forward to承认推迟没得想，admit delay/put off fancy避免错过继续练，avoid miss keep/keep on practise否认完成就欣赏，deny finish enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，forbidimagi ne risk不禁介意准逃亡。
