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1、动词不定式(theinfinitive)的基本用法动词不定式1. 基本构成：to+动词原形，其否定形式是“not/nevertodo/notdo”.2. 基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg:ItsverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschool.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItsnoteasytolearnEn
2、glishwell.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成，即：Its+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth.跟踪练习1. Itsveryniceofthem(send)metheflowers.2. (become)ateacherismydream.3. ItsveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(同义句转换)Englishwellveryimportant.4. ItsimportantChinesewell.A.tolearnB.learnC.learningD.learns2.作表语eg：Thebestwaytoraisemone
3、yistosellnewspapers.表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。eg：HerwishistostudyinJiYanMiddleschool.Myjobistocleanthestreets.跟踪练习1. Myworkis(clean)theroomeveryday.2. Hisdreamis(be)adoctor.3. 作宾语eg：Thedriverofferedtohelpthepatient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：agree,ask,choose,decide,want,wouldlike,fail
4、,help,hope,plan等。跟踪练习1. Myfriendswant(book)someticketstothemovieforus.2. Myparentsdecide(give)memoremoney.3. Heplans(go)toBeijingforaholiday.4. Theboyhopes(pass)theEnglishexam.5. Mylittlesonisable(read)somewords.6. Illtrymybest(help)you.7. Shewouldlike(become)beautiful.4.作宾语补足语eg：Itallowspeopletoget
5、closertothem.Theworldwidefundfornaturechosethepandatobeitssymbol.动词不定式作宾语补足语，常构成的句式为：v.+sb./sth.+todo。此类常见的动词有：tell,ask,want,wish,teach,help,order,invite,get,allow,send,lead,encourage,advise,warn,bear,beg,cause,command,drive,elect,expect,forbid,force,hate,intend,leave(留下)，like,mean,need,permit,persu
6、ade,prefer,remind,train,trouble等36个动词。即：asksb.todosth.让某人做某事；tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事；invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事；helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事；wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事；allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事；.eg：Myfriendinvitesmetocometohishome.IaskedPaultocarrythebox.其否定形式为：v.+sb./sthnot/never+todo。即：tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某
7、事;asksb.nottodosth.让某人不要做某事；warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事；ordersb.nottodosth.命令某人不要做某事eg：Myteachertellsusnottomaketoomuchnoise.跟踪练习1. DontaskJim(go)swimmingwithus,becausehismotherwontallowhim(do)so.2. Doesyoumotherlikeyouadoctor?A.beingB.tobeC.areD.become3. Myteacheralwaystellsme(study)hard.4. Idontwa
8、ntyou(help)me.5. Shedlikeme(join)them.6. Iwishyou(have)agoodtime.7. Mybestfriendsteachme(swim).8. Herboyfriendofteninvitesher(have)dinner.9. Mymotheralwaysgetsmyfather(do)housework.10. Iorderyou(wash)yourhands.在动词think,believe,know,find,understand,take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“tobe+adj.”构成。eg:TheyfindtheChinese
9、peopletobehappyandcheerfulHebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe. 在某些短语后也可跟不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：waitfor,callon,dependon,carefor,longfor等。eg:Thecrocodilewaitedforthemonkeytocomedownagain.ThechairmancalledonMr.Browntospeak.Ishouldntcareforthatmantobemydoctor. 有些动词后接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，即：动词不定式在使役动词(make，let，have)或感官动词
10、(feel，listento，hear，lookat，see，watch，notice)之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。句式为：v.+sb./sth+do;其否定形式为：v.+sb./sth+not/neverdo。为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记：“一感”(feel)“二听”(listen,hear)“三让”(let，make，have)“四看”(lookat，see，watch，notice)eg：Hiswordsmakeseveryonelaugh.HismotherlethimnotwatchTV.Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor.Pleaselistentomesingthes
11、ongagain.注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较：Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她在唱歌。 个别动词，如：help既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。eg：Shehelpsme(to)domyhomework.跟踪练习1. Whentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeoneChineseKongfu.A.playsB.playedC.toplayD.playing2. Mr.B
12、rownmadehisstudentsthenewwordsagain.A.copyingB.copyC.tocopyD.copied3. Pleaseletthestudentsdown.A.sittingB.satC.sitD.tosit4. -IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?-Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearherinherroom.A.tosingB.singC.singsD.singing5. Astrangenoisemademe（stop）mywork.5.作状语eg:Wearesorrytohearthat.（作原因状语）Letsstoptohavear
13、est.（作目的状语）Shedidntworkhardenoughtopasstheexam.（作结果状语）跟踪练习1.Shesellsflowersmakemoney.A.madeB.makeC.tomakeD.tobemade2.Theroomisnotbigenough.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving3. Imsorryyou.A.troubleB.troublewithC.totroubleD.troubleabout4. Heistooyoung（go）toschool.6.作定语eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.动词不定式作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的词后，即后置，往往表示未发生的动作跟踪练习1.Doyouhaveanythingmore（要说）?2.Shehasalotofwork（做）everyday.3. Theoldmanhasahouse（住）.4. Sheisaniceperson（相处）.#
