《初中英语动词不定式的基本用法》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语动词不定式的基本用法(5页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、动词不定式(theinfinitive)的基本用法动词不定式1. 基本构成:to+动词原形,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo/notdo”.2. 基本用法:不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化。一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg:ItsverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschool.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置,往往放v.和adj.之后。e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItsnoteasytolearnEn
2、glishwell.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成,即:Its+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth.跟踪练习1. Itsveryniceofthem(send)metheflowers.2. (become)ateacherismydream.3. ItsveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(同义句转换)Englishwellveryimportant.4. ItsimportantChinesewell.A.tolearnB.learnC.learningD.learns2.作表语eg:Thebestwaytoraisemone
3、yistosellnewspapers.表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等,可与系动词构成系表结构。eg:HerwishistostudyinJiYanMiddleschool.Myjobistocleanthestreets.跟踪练习1. Myworkis(clean)theroomeveryday.2. Hisdreamis(be)adoctor.3. 作宾语eg:Thedriverofferedtohelpthepatient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语,表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有:agree,ask,choose,decide,want,wouldlike,fail
4、,help,hope,plan等。跟踪练习1. Myfriendswant(book)someticketstothemovieforus.2. Myparentsdecide(give)memoremoney.3. Heplans(go)toBeijingforaholiday.4. Theboyhopes(pass)theEnglishexam.5. Mylittlesonisable(read)somewords.6. Illtrymybest(help)you.7. Shewouldlike(become)beautiful.4.作宾语补足语eg:Itallowspeopletoget
5、closertothem.Theworldwidefundfornaturechosethepandatobeitssymbol.动词不定式作宾语补足语,常构成的句式为:v.+sb./sth.+todo。此类常见的动词有:tell,ask,want,wish,teach,help,order,invite,get,allow,send,lead,encourage,advise,warn,bear,beg,cause,command,drive,elect,expect,forbid,force,hate,intend,leave(留下),like,mean,need,permit,persu
6、ade,prefer,remind,train,trouble等36个动词。即:asksb.todosth.让某人做某事;tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事;invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事;helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事;wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事;allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事;.eg:Myfriendinvitesmetocometohishome.IaskedPaultocarrythebox.其否定形式为:v.+sb./sthnot/never+todo。即:tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某
7、事;asksb.nottodosth.让某人不要做某事;warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事;ordersb.nottodosth.命令某人不要做某事eg:Myteachertellsusnottomaketoomuchnoise.跟踪练习1. DontaskJim(go)swimmingwithus,becausehismotherwontallowhim(do)so.2. Doesyoumotherlikeyouadoctor?A.beingB.tobeC.areD.become3. Myteacheralwaystellsme(study)hard.4. Idontwa
8、ntyou(help)me.5. Shedlikeme(join)them.6. Iwishyou(have)agoodtime.7. Mybestfriendsteachme(swim).8. Herboyfriendofteninvitesher(have)dinner.9. Mymotheralwaysgetsmyfather(do)housework.10. Iorderyou(wash)yourhands.在动词think,believe,know,find,understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“tobe+adj.”构成。eg:TheyfindtheChinese
9、peopletobehappyandcheerfulHebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe. 在某些短语后也可跟不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有:waitfor,callon,dependon,carefor,longfor等。eg:Thecrocodilewaitedforthemonkeytocomedownagain.ThechairmancalledonMr.Browntospeak.Ishouldntcareforthatmantobemydoctor. 有些动词后接省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即:动词不定式在使役动词(make,let,have)或感官动词
10、(feel,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。句式为:v.+sb./sth+do;其否定形式为:v.+sb./sth+not/neverdo。为了便于记忆,我们可以这样记:“一感”(feel)“二听”(listen,hear)“三让”(let,make,have)“四看”(lookat,see,watch,notice)eg:Hiswordsmakeseveryonelaugh.HismotherlethimnotwatchTV.Ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor.Pleaselistentomesingthes
11、ongagain.注意:感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补,也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是:前者强调动作的全过程或经常性;后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。试比较:Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。Iheardhersinging.我听见她在唱歌。 个别动词,如:help既可以接带to的不定式,也可以接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。eg:Shehelpsme(to)domyhomework.跟踪练习1. Whentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeoneChineseKongfu.A.playsB.playedC.toplayD.playing2. Mr.B
12、rownmadehisstudentsthenewwordsagain.A.copyingB.copyC.tocopyD.copied3. Pleaseletthestudentsdown.A.sittingB.satC.sitD.tosit4. -IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?-Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearherinherroom.A.tosingB.singC.singsD.singing5. Astrangenoisemademe(stop)mywork.5.作状语eg:Wearesorrytohearthat.(作原因状语)Letsstoptohavear
13、est.(作目的状语)Shedidntworkhardenoughtopasstheexam.(作结果状语)跟踪练习1.Shesellsflowersmakemoney.A.madeB.makeC.tomakeD.tobemade2.Theroomisnotbigenough.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forliving3. Imsorryyou.A.troubleB.troublewithC.totroubleD.troubleabout4. Heistooyoung(go)toschool.6.作定语eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.动词不定式作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的词后,即后置,往往表示未发生的动作跟踪练习1.Doyouhaveanythingmore(要说)?2.Shehasalotofwork(做)everyday.3. Theoldmanhasahouse(住).4. Sheisaniceperson(相处).#