《2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库及模拟押密卷54（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库及模拟押密卷54（含答案解析）（32页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something s
2、imilar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being over fished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not
3、 attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animal
4、s) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find the
5、ir prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines wo
6、uld have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks a
7、fter they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that
8、 of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be croppe
9、d from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that _.2. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _.3
10、. By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, in paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that _.4. Dr. Myers and other researcher hold that _.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries _.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large a
11、nimals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat todayD.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%B.there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years agoC.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 2
12、0% of the original amountD.the number of large predator dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old问题3选项A.fishing technology has improved rapidlyB.then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recordedC.the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD.the date collected so far are out of date问题4选项A.
13、people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer timeB.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC.the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation问题5选项A.management efficiencyB.biomass levelC.catch-size li
14、mitsD.technological application【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“大型史前动物的灭绝暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Now something similar could be happening in the oceans（现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生），由此推断，文中提到史前动物的灭绝是暗示海洋生物也会面临同样的问题。A项“大型动物很容易受到环境的影响”，B项“小物种幸存下来而大物种消失了”和D项“生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼更长寿”都不是大型动物灭绝暗示的现象，所以该题C项正确。2.【试题
15、解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“我们从Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms的论文中可以推测出什么？”。根据本题关键词“Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper”定位到本文第二段最后一句According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the
16、start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then（根据他们在自然杂志上发表的最新论文，在新渔场开始捕捞的15年内，大型捕食动物（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）的生物量平均减少了80%。在一些长期捕鱼的地区，从那时起，它又减少了一半），由此推断，文中提到大型捕食动物平均减少80%，所以可以推测出在一些老的渔场，已经减少了90%。B项“这里的渔场数量只有15年前的一半”说法错误，文中没有渔场数量15年之间的对比；C项“新渔场的渔获量只有原来的20%”说法错误，是指平均下降80%，没有说就只有20%，该说法
