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1、外文资料原文A Web-based and Email Driven Electronic Contract ManagementSystemThomas Kwok, Thao Nguyen, Linh Lam and Trieu ChieuIBM Research DivisionThomas J. Watson Research Center19 Skyline Drive, Hawthorne, NY 1. IntroductionContracts are required in most transactions of the enterprise business, as they
2、 constitute the binding relationship between an enterprise and its suppliers, business partners, or customers. In many enterprises, the majority of their revenues are contract driven. At the same, a significant part of their expenses is also contract related. Automation of some contract management t
3、asks in the electronic contract lifecycle presents a substantial value creation opportunity for the enterprise. This value stems from improved productivity and security, effectively aggregated contract information, accelerated contract transaction time and lifecycle processes, reduced contractual er
4、rors and risk, enabled revenue forecast and profit optimization, as well as better compliance enforcement.With the advent of Internet technology and electronic commerce, there are growing research activities and implementation efforts on establishing and standardizing an electronic contract manageme
5、nt system.Currently, the International Association of Contract and Commercial Managers have listed over twenty commercial available software products for electronic contract management. Most research activities on the electronic contract reported are focus on electronic contract creation or represen
6、tation language, management, negotiation and collaboration, execution, performance, security and signing, fulfillment and data mining. However, there is no study or product focus on a Web-based electronic contract management system that can support both internal and intra-enterprises workflows, or w
7、ith multi-tenants hosting capability. There are some discussions in addressing the need to execute electronic contracts in a speedy way but there is no good method proposed. In addition, there is no good disclosed method to automate the watermarking of signature information on the signed electronic
8、contracts although there are several automated electronic contract creation and process methods reported.In this paper, we present a Web-based and email driven electronic contract management system that supports both internal and intra-enterprises workflows, and with multi-tenants hosting capability
9、. This system sends out email notifications to request those users who are required to act on certain tasks to process their electronic contracts to act on their tasks immediately at every internal business process and document flow step within every workflow. For sequential tasks, this system also
10、sends out email notifications to those users in line to act on the next task to process their electronic contracts to alert and remind them to take actions when other users have just completed the previous tasks. Thus, this system enables the electronic contract users to accelerate the transaction t
11、ime and life cycle of their electronic contracts. We also describe several novel methods to automate some manual and tedious tasks, such as watermarking signature information on the signed electronic contract and life cycle management, in this paper.2. The frameworkFigure 1 shows an architectural fr
12、amework of an email driven electronic contract management system. This electronic contract management system is Web-based and supports both internal and intra-enterprises workflows. It also has a capability of hosting multi-tenants at the same time using the same set of computing servers. The framew
13、ork consists of a Web server, a DB2 server and an application server. The Web server dynamically creates, composes and delivers customized Web pages with inputs and interactions from contract administrators and representatives in an enterprise, as well as their counter parts in their suppliers, busi
14、ness partners, and their customers through either HTTP or HTTPS communications. The DB2 server hosts the database for the electronic contract metadata and the repository for all electronic contracts and their related documents. Each enterprise or tenant has its own set of database. A service provide
15、r, such as IBM, can use or host this electronic contract management system as common computing services to a number of enterprises to manage their electronic contracts at the same time using the same set of computing servers to minimize the cost and simplify the system integrations.HTTP/HTTPSWeb Pag
16、es A Web ServeremaflsA SMTP ServerCorriracl Metadata A DB2 Seiver _Contraet documeTt nsposHoryFigure 1. An architectural fram&wofk of an emal ditven eContracl management system.The application server hosts the main core engine of the electronic contract management system. The main core engine comprises eight important modules, an administration module and an access control module, a workflow module, an email notification module, an ele
