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1、情态动词用法讲与练I.情态动词+have done的用法 “情态动词have done”是历年高考的热点，但有些同学对这一结构不甚了解。为了便于同学们学习，现将这种结构的两种主要用法借表归纳如下。 一、表示对过去情况的推测或估计 所用的句式 意义 must have done 肯定句 一定（已经） may might have done 肯定句 可能大概（已经）否定句可能还没有 can could have done 否定句 不可能（已经）疑问句 可能也许（已经）了吗？ 说明：1might could有时并不是may can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或更小的可能性。2might have
2、 done有时可用于疑问句中，此时might就相当于can could。 二、表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备 所用的句式 意义 should ought to have done 肯定句，否定句， 疑问句 本来（不） 应该的 mightcould have done 肯定句 本来能够可以的 need have done 否定句 本不必要的 had better have done 肯定句，否定句， 疑问句 要是（没有）干了就好了 would rather have done 同上 本来想做（却未做） 说明：1might have done有时可表示对过去发生事情的庆幸，意为“差点儿”。如：
3、 Didnt you see that car nearly hit me？I might have been killed 你难道没看见那辆小车差点儿撞上了我吗？我差点就没命了。 2要注意neednt have done与didnt need to do的差别。 He neednt have come他本没有必要来。（实际却来了） He didnt need to come他没有必要来。（实际也没来） 同学们在做有关“情态动词have done”练习时，在掌握这一结构的两种基本用法的同时，还要仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含意，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。 巩固
4、练习：（练习题均为高考题） 1I stayed at a hotel while in New YorkOh，did you？You _ with Barbara Acould have stayed Bcould stayCwould stay Dmust have stayed 2I didnt see her in the meeting room this morningShe _at the meeting Amustnt have spoken Bshouldnt have spoken Cneednt have spoken Dcouldnt have spoken 3He _y
5、ou more help，even though he was busy Amight have given Bmight giveCmay have givenDmay give 4I saw our teacher in the office just nowYou _her，she is still abroad Acant have seen Bmustnt have seenCneednt have seen Dshouldnt have seen 5Kate is already two hours lateWhat _ to her？ Acan have happened Bma
6、y have happenedCshould have happened Dmust have happened 6We _last night，but we went to the concert instead Amust have studied Bmight studyCshould have studied Dwould study 7There was plenty of timeShe _ Amustnt have hurriedBcouldnt have hurriedCmustnt hurryDneednt have hurried8Yesterday，Jane walked
7、 away from the discussionOtherwise，she _something she would regret later Ahad saidBsaid Cmight sayDmight have said 9Did you scold him for his mistake？Yes，but _it AId rather not do BId better not do CId better not have done DId rather have not done 10Sorry，Im lateI _have turned off the alarm clock an
8、d gone back to sleep again AmightBshould CcanDwill II. 情态动词难点透视 英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。 1.can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如： Accidents can happenAnybody can make mistakes 如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may,could或might等。 We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou
9、 this year Will you answer the telephone It couldmaymight be your mother 2.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如： Could I use your telephoneYes, please go ahead 3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用waswere able to而不能用could。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seas
10、ide The girl worked hardso she was able to pass the final test 4must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。 1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如： We must work hard, or well fail in the examination Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money 2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如： We must be
11、strict with ourselves in everything In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks 5must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。 1) “must动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用mustbe-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如： The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isnt he 2) “musthave过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间
12、状语，疑问部分用助动词didnt否则，疑问部分用havent或hasnt。如： The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didnt they The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasnt he 6shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening (征求意见) You shall go t
13、o the front at once(命令) Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon （允诺）He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(决心) 7在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will（这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时）。如： If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain vil
14、lage(误) If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village(正) 当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如： If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice on how to learn English 如果你愿意听我的话，我将给你提点学习英语的建议。 If you will come this way，the manager will meet you 请您往这边走，经理现在要见你。 8should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可
15、能。如： The American friends should be here now “shouldought tohave过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。如： You should have told her about it the day before yesterday Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years “情态动词have过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldnt, neednt, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句子的意思就有所不同。 9ought
