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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Methods for typing blood were developed around the turn of the century, about the same time that fingerprints were first used for identification. Only in the last decade or two, however, have scientists begun to believe that genetic markers in blood and other bod
2、ily fluids may someday prove as useful in crime detection as fingerprints.The standard ABO blood typing has long been used as a form of negative identification. Added sophistication came with the discovery of additional subgroups of genetic markers in blood and with the discovery that genetic marker
3、s are present not only in blood but also in other bodily fluids, such as perspiration and saliva（口水）.These discoveries were of little use in crime detection, however, because of the circumstances in which police scientists must work. Rather than a plentiful sample of blood freshly drawn from a patie
4、nt, the crime laboratory is likely to receive only a tiny fleck of dried blood of unknown age from an unknown “donor” on a shirt or a scrap of rag that has spent hours or days exposed to air, high temperature, and other contaminants.British scientists found a method for identifying genetic markers m
5、ore precisely in small samples. In this process, called electrophoresis, a sample is placed on a tray containing a gel through which an electrical current is then passed. D.A trained analyst reads the resulting patterns in the gel to determine the presence of various chemical markers.Electrophoresis
6、 made it possible to identify several thousand subgroups of blood types rather than the twelve known before. However, the equipment and special training required were expensive. In addition, the process could lead to the destruction of evidence. For example, repeated tests of a blood-flecked shirt-o
7、ne for each marker-led to increasing deterioration of the evidence and the cost of a week or more of laboratory time.It remained for another British researcher, Brian Wrexall, to demonstrate that simultaneous analyses, using an inexpensive electrophoresis apparatus (电冰器)，could test for ten different
8、 genetic markers within a 24-hour period. D.This development made the study of blood and other fluid samples an even more valuable tool for crime detection.1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with describing .2.It can be inferred from the passage that electrophoresis resembles finger
9、printing in that both _.3.The author put the word “donor(Para. A.3) into quotation marks in order to .4.The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions:5.According to the passage, all of the following may reduce the usefulness of a fluid sample for crime detection
10、 EXCEPT_.6.The passage implies that electrophoresis may help scientists determine .问题1选项A.how advances in crime detection methods have led to new discoveries in scienceB.various ways in which crime detection laboratories assist the policeC.the development of new scientific tools for use in crime det
11、ectionD.areas of current research in the science of crime detection问题2选项A.provide a form of negative identification in crime detectionB.were first developed by British scientistsC.may be used to help identify those who were present at the time of a crimeD.were developed by scientists at around the s
12、ame time问题3选项A.emphasize that most of the blood samples received by crime laboratories come from anonymous sourcesB.underscore the contrast between the work done in a crime laboratory and that done in a blood bankC.call attention to the fact that, because of undemanding, crime laboratories are force
13、d to rely on charitable contributionsD.indicate that the blood samples received by crime laboratories are not given freely问题4选项A.Is evidence of genetic markers in bodily fluids admissible in courtB.Can electrophoresis be used to identify genetic markers in salivaC.How many subgroups of blood types a
14、re currently identifiableD.How accurate is the process of electrophoresis问题5选项A.the passage of timeB.discoloration or stainingC.exposure to heatD.the small size of the sample问题6选项A.whether or not a sample of blood could have come from a particular personB.the age and condition of a dried specimen of
15、 blood or other bodily fluidC.when and where a crime was probably committedD.the cause of death in homicide cases【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出血型分析、指纹以及遗传标记都可以在犯罪侦查中起作用；第二段提出遗传标记不仅仅存在于血液中，还存在于像汗液和唾液这类的体液中；第三段讲述了以上这些发现在犯罪侦查方面用处不大的原因；第四段讲述了英国科学家发现了一种在小样本中更精确识别基因标记的方法，这个过程叫作做电泳；第五段讲述了电泳技术的优缺点；第六段提到以为英国研究员的发现使得血液和其他液体样本的研究成为犯罪检测的工具。由此可知本文主要讲述的是新的科学工具用于犯罪侦查，选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章中并没有提及指纹是由谁最先提出的，因此选项B可以排除；根据文章第二段第一句话可知negative identification是ABO blood typing，因此选项A可以排除；文章并没有提及电泳的时间，因此选项D可以排除。综上，选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第三段主要讲述了为什么指纹、血型分析这些不能在犯罪侦查中发挥作用，是因为警察科学家工作的环境导致的（These discove
