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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide.问题1选项A.announcedB.forgivenC.condemnedD.despised【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界
2、爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。2. 单选题Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural问题1选项A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contend表示“主张，斗争”；A项incline“倾向于”，B项struggle“奋斗，斗争”，C项argue“争论，辩论”，D项compete“竞争，比赛”。句意：汉密尔顿希望国
3、家是由城市组成的，而杰斐逊则主张国家应以农业为主。根据句意可知，选择C项正确。3. 单选题Were talking about money here, and the things you buy with itand about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more
4、 than we can afford. Its nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things dont work out that way. They point to an idea called the “paradox of thrift”. Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You w
5、ant your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you dont have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.Its a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of pe
6、rsonal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending mone
7、y is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who wont buy thing
8、s that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered tha
9、t different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because its bea
10、utiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.1. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to（ ）.2. According to the context “p
11、aradox” (in Paragraph 2) probably means “（ ）”.3. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United States（ ）.4. According to the resent studies made by economists, people（ ）.5. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because（ ）.问题1选项A.enj
12、oy their present life as much as possibletB.spend every penny they have earnedtC.save every penny for the futuretD.save some money for later uset问题2选项A.contradictiontB.hypothesistC.declarationtD.assertiont问题3选项A.have to work hard to make ends meettB.spend more than they can affordtC.have trouble in
13、paying back their debtstD.dont pay back their debts on timet问题4选项A.take pleasure in buying useless thingstB.wont buy things that they needtC.spend their money irrationallytD.make rational choices while spending their moneyt问题5选项A.they like keeping their money in the banktB.they will feel safe if the
14、y save enough money for the futuretC.they dont want to spend their money on useless thingstD.spending money gives them pain【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“在大多数历史和文化中，人们都被建议去做”。根据文章第二段第一句Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should wo
15、rk hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford.（纵观历史，在大多数文化中，人们普遍认为，我们应该努力工作，为未来储蓄，支出不能超过我们的负担能力）可知，在大多数历史和文化中，人们都被建议努力工作，为未来储蓄，因此D项“存一些钱以后用”符合题意。A项“尽可能享受他们现在的生活”，原文提到“努力工作”，所以A项内容不正确；B项“花他们赚的每一分钱”，内容与原文相反；C项“为将来节省每一分钱”，原文提到“支出不能超过我们的负担能力”，所以在正常的支出范围内可以进行必要的消费，C项内容太绝对。因此，该题选择D项正确。第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“根据语境，第二段的paradox的意思可能是”。根据文章定位到第二段第四句They point to an idea called the “paradox of thrift”（他们提出了一个名为“paradox of thrift”的观点），上文提到传统的观念是努力工作并为未来储蓄，但经济学家并不这样认为；后文接着举例阐述了paradox of thrift 这一概念，Imagine you are the owner of a bi
