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1、人教版精品英语资料（精校版）Section_Warming Up & Reading PrereadingJames Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England.His father, a Scottish migrant farm worker, allowed James to work on coalcarrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)Search
2、ing for something more adventurous, in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and played an active part in charting St.Lawrence River, which helped England Navy capture Quebec from the French.The First Voyage.Following the war, Cook was given the mission
3、to lead an expedition to observe the rare passage of Venus across the face of the sun in order to determine the accurate distance between the earth and sun.He set sail from England in August, 1768 and stopped at Tahiti where he did the observation.He proceeded to the West Indies and across the India
4、n Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa.The Second Voyage.The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him, to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headed to Cape Town in July, 1772.He proceeded south from Africa
5、 and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice.Actually he came within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July, 1775.The Third Voyage.The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest
6、Passage, a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.Upon yet again discovering
7、that something did not exist, he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February, 1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat.Cooks explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer, he filled in man
8、y gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.True (T) or False (F)：1James Cook led the British Royal Navy and captured Quebec from the French.()2The aim of Cooks last voyage was to find a Northwest Passage between
9、Europe and Asia.()3Cook was named Captain after his first voyage.()4Captain Cook died in a conflict with the Hawaii local people.()答案：1.F2.T3.F4.T.高频单词点击1voyage n航海；航行2mercy n仁慈；宽恕；怜悯merciful adj.仁慈的3alongside prep.靠着；沿着adv.在旁边；沿着边4exploration n探险；探测explorer n探险者；勘探者；考察者explore v勘探；探索；调查研究5minimum a
10、dj.最小的；最低的6pole n地极；柱；杆7horizon n地平线；视野8nowhere adv.无处9offshore adj.离岸的；海面上的10outward adj.外面的；向外的adv.向外；在外11secure adj.安全的；可靠的securely adv.安全地；可靠地security n安全；可靠12random adj.任意的；随便的randomly adv.随便地；任意地13awkward adj.难使用的；笨拙的awkwardly adv.笨拙地；尴尬地awkwardness n笨拙；尴尬14reference n参考refer v参考；查阅15precise a
11、dj.精确的；准确的16simplify v使简化；使简易17portable adj.便携式的；手提的18shortcoming n缺点；短处19update vt.更新20tendency n趋向；倾向；偏好tend v趋向；走向21reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的；可依靠的reliably adv.可靠地rely v依靠；信赖.重点短语必记1at the mercy of受支配；任处置2work out 计算出；制订出3as well as 也4rather than 而不是5in relation to 与有关；涉及.常用句型必备1How do_you_think seame
12、n found their way before mordern accurate methods of navigation were invented?2We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ships_position_on_a_map.3This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the m
13、inimum amount of risk.4Nobody knew that the earth turns eastwards at about 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time.课文大意理解1When did early sailors have a practical method of measuring longitude?AThe 12th century.BThe 17th century.
14、CThe 15th century.DThe 16th century.2What does seaweed look like when it is near land?AIt looks nice.BIt looks small.CIt looks fresh.DIt looks dark.3Where are we now when the North Star is along the horizon?AAt the equator.BAt the North Pole.CAt the South Pole. DAt sea.4From the reading we have lear
15、ned_.Awhy early seamen wanted to sail the seven seasBthat there is useful information in an encyclopediaCthat early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instrumentsDwhy latitude and longitude are important to plot a ships position5The main idea of this passage is about_.Athat keeping alongside the coastline is first and most useful form of explorationBthe skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceansCthat finding longitude and latitude is a mus
