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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题That was really a despicable act of terrorism and cowardly attacks on innocent civilians by holding children hostage.问题1选项A.honorableB.contemptibleC.notableD.recommendable【答案】B【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项honorable“可敬的；高贵的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的；卑劣的”；C选项notable“值得注意的，显著的；著名的；重
2、要的”；D选项recommendable“可推荐的；值得推荐的”。句意：这是一种_恐怖主义行为，是将儿童作为人质对无辜平民进行懦弱的袭击。根据句意，该形容词修饰的是恐怖主义的行为，其情感基调应该是贬义的，只有B选项符合语境，原文despicable“卑劣的；可鄙的”。因此，本题最佳选项为B。2. 单选题It has been announced that physicists from different countries will gather in New York for a _ next month.问题1选项A.symphonyB.symmetryC.symposiumD.symp
3、tom【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. symphony 交响乐 B. symmetry 对称（性）C. symposium 研讨会 D. symptom 征兆【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】前文提到“来自不同国家的物理学家聚集到一起”，而空格处所填词是他们聚集到一起的目的，C选项symposium“研讨会”最符合语义逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均为symposium“研讨会”的形近词，但都不能使原句前后语义衔接。【句意】据通知，来自不同国家的物理学家将于下个月聚集在纽约参加一个研讨会。3. 单选题The elevation of the assistant coach to
4、 the head coaching position within only 9 months was a surprise.问题1选项A.raiseB.promotionC.transferD.precedence【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. raise 加薪 B. promotion （职位）晋升C. transfer（工作）调动 D. precedence 优先【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句从助理教练（assistant coach）到主教练（head coaching）是职位的晋升，B选项“（职位）晋升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”【干扰项排除】A选项rais
5、e“加薪”，原句侧重职位提高，而不是工资的增加；C选项transfer“（工作）调动”，没有B选项“（职位）晋升”具体；D选项precedence“优先”，不符合原文逻辑。【句意】助理教练在短短9个月内晋升为主教练，这是一个惊喜。4. 单选题In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their ingroup.问题1选项A.concernB.disinterestednessC.dedicationD.fondnes
6、s【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. concern 关心；忧虑 B. disinterestedness 不感兴趣C. dedication 奉献 D. fondness 喜爱【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】根据常识，“个人主义”文化中，人们往往强调自身利益，不关心集体利益，只有B选项disinterestedness“不感兴趣”与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感脱离自己的群体。5. 单选题In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperi
7、ty. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied
8、by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means.what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of
9、 the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the
10、 comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after
11、a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries-the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the
12、 people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of th
13、eir local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimp
14、lification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid; that growth in under developed countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefit
15、s and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects th
