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1、考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(一)考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(一)It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial petitiveness. Some
2、 huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign petition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July。) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweep
3、ing into the domestic market Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new puter age, was going to be the next casualty。All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped ta
4、king prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their ines would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings wer
5、e filled with warnings about the growing petition from overseas。How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the busine
6、ss cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Gover_ent,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our busi
7、nesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States。”11. The U.S. achieve
8、d its predominance after World War because_。Ait had made painstaking efforts towards this goalBits domestic market was eight times larger than beforeCthe war had destroyed the economies of most potential petitorsDthe unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss
9、of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_。ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesCmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost pa
10、rt of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。BIntense petition may contribute to economic progress。DA long history of success may pave the way for further development。14. The author seems to believe the revival of
11、the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the_。Aturning of the business cycleBrestructuring of industryCimproved business managementDsuccess in education名师解析11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because_。美国在二战后获得优势地位是因为_。A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。它
12、为该目的付出了艰巨的努力。B its domestic market was eight times larger than before。它的国内市场比以前大八倍。C the war had destroyed the economies of most potential petitors。战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。D the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy。它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。【答案】 C【考点】 事实细节题。【分析p 】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就
13、进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是A。12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_。上个世纪80年代美国优势地位的丧失可以从美国_事实中看出来。A TV industry had withdrawn to its
14、 domestic market电视工业已经退到国内市场B semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises半导体产业已经被外国公司接收C machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions机床业已经自取_D auto industry had lost part of its domestic market汽车工业已经丧失了局部国内市场【答案】 D【考点】 事实细节题。【分析p 】 A选项错误，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下Zenith
15、这一家电视消费商。(如今这一家也没有了：Zenith于7月被韩国LG电器公司收买。)”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。B选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到，“在一段时间内，半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者”，可是事实上没有。C选项中谈到的机床业已经自取_的说法错误，因为文中提到机床制造业“岌岌可危”(on the ropes)，但是还没有_呢。D是适宜的，因为第二段第六句提到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内市场”。13. What can be inferred from the passage?从本文中可以推断出哪个选项？A It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。在自我疑心和盲目骄傲之间摇摆是人的本性。B Intense petition may contribute to economic progress。剧烈的竞争会导致经济的开展。经济的复苏依靠国际的合作。D A long history of success may pave the way for further development。一个长期成功的经历会为进一步的开展铺平道路。【答案】 B【考点】 推断题。【分析p 】 第三段提到，“所有这一切
