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1、动词分类及练习I.动词的种类(Kinds of Verbs)类别说明例句行为动词Action Verbs表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。She has a new friend from Australia.He takes the train every day.He leaves for school at around seven.连系动词Link Verbs不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。He is popular in school.Twins usually look the same.Trees turn green in spring.助动词Auxiliary Ve
2、rbs不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式。I dont want to go for a drive.（否定）We are playing basketball. （进行时态）Do you like tomatoes?（疑问）情态动词Modal Verbs不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。She can speak a little English.You should drink more water.注：行为动词可分为及物动词（The Transitive Verb,缩写为vt.）和不
3、及物动词（The Intransitive Verb,缩写为vi.）。及物动词后面必须加宾语意义才完整。一、 实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意：及物动词必须带宾语，不可单独作谓语；不及物动词可以单独作谓语，不可直接加宾语，跟宾语时必须加介词。根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词Vt.和不及物动词vi.。 They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
4、Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belo
5、ng to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：译他离开这里三天了。误He has left here for three days. 正He has been away from here f
6、or three days. 正He left here three days ago. 正Its three days since he left. 限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。The room needs cleaning. 二、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。1、Be： He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身
7、份。）I am fine. 2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells v
8、ery sweet. 5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have,make 使，让Let /make somebody do sthThe te
9、acher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被做My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：L
10、ook at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词) They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 三、 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词be(is,
11、 am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，do(did,does).*do(does, did) 的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How) did you know ? He does not smoke. （2）加强语气。He did tell that.Do come and see us.（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。-You like popular music, dont you? -Yes , I do.He speaks French as fluently as she does.（4）用于倒装句中。Never did he pa
12、y attention to my words.Only then did I understand the importance of English.（5）构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.四、 情态动词Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to, ought toII.句子的成分(Members of the sentence) 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主
13、语和谓语是句子的主体部分。句子成分意义例句主语The Subject表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.谓语The Predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She is
14、 going camping.表语The Predicative说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。Her mother is a bank clerk.Are you ready?We are at home last night.宾语The Object表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。Good food and exercise help me to study harder.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some quest
15、ions?定语The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。Peel three bananas.Whats your name, please?Shes a good basketball player.状语The Adverbial用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。People are all working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.检测拓展 一、分析下列句子成分The meeting begins at nine.I am a senior school student.3.I wrote a passage last night. 4.The story to
