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1、Module 1 GrammarI. be going to 的用法be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事，表示人的主管意图，有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。如：. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?(计划、打算). Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.(有迹象要发生). George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.(预测)II. be going to与will的区别. will表示说话人认
2、为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。. 二者都可以表示“意图” 。但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。如:I am not going to / wont tell him about it.-This is a very heavy box. -Ill help you to carry it. be going to 可以用在条件句中表示 将来, will则不行。 如:If you are going to attend the party, youd better leave now
3、.Module 2 Grammar不定式作状语不定式作目的状语He broke into the house to steal something.Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs. Hes saving up to buy a new car. He uses a computer to send emails. 2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或 so as to, 否定式为 in order not to 和so as not to: Lets hurry so as t
4、o go to school in time. Lets hurry so as not to be late for school.She studied very hard in order to catch up with others. She studied very hard in order not to lag behind. 3) 不定式表示目的时,通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,但如果不是的话,就要用for 结构表示逻辑主语,如：Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in. Module 3 GrammarI. 时间状
5、语从句II. 过去完成时时间状语从句. 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly / scarcely when 等WhenWhen 还有意义为这时，(at this time)那时(at that time) 常用于下列句型：Somebody was doing something when某人正在做 突然 Somebody was about to do something when.
6、某人正要做 突然 Somebody had just done something when某人刚刚干了这时1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .While观察：While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.While
7、he was still a teenager, he was a big star.分析：while引导的从句表示“在过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。While 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”She is tall while I am short. While I was studying English, he was playing football.As试观察：1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.强调两个动作同时进行2) As
8、he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.两种情况一起发展变化分析：as引导的从句表示“当时；一边一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。过去完成时1过去完成时的构成: “助动词had+过去分词” The public wondered why the president hadnt attended the top conference.2. 过去完成时的用法:1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:The patient had d
9、ied when the doctor arrived. Up until then they had just finished half the work.He had pressed the button before we could stop him.When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如:Just b
10、efore I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如:I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didnt manage it. Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party,
11、 but I really had a lot of important work to do.Note: 当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需用一般过去时。When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes. 2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如:He learn
12、ed Russian during his stay in Russia. He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia.3. 在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如： He told me somebody had phoned when I was out.John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema. Module 4 Grammar ing form and the infinitive作
13、主语(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语。一般情况下可以互换。 To learn a foreign language is not easy. =Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学习外语是不容易的。(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时, 常用不定式。 To finish such a novel will take me several days. 读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间。 Its impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because
14、 there is something wrong with our car. 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了, 因为我们的车出问题了。在 “It is + 形容词(如necessary) + for/ of sb. ”的结构后, 通常用不定式作真正的主语。而 “It is no use/no good/a waste of time”后通常接ing形式。Its quite impossible to finish the work with so little money. 用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的。 Its no use asking him for help. 向他求助是没有用的。There is no 结构后只能接ing形式。There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive. 无从得知他是死是活。作表语(1) 两者都可用作表语, 而且一般情况下可以互换。 His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses. 他的工作就是粉刷房屋。表示具体的, 特定情况下的, 将来的动作, 通常用动词不定式。Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10. 我们今
