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1、第2讲非谓语动词全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1(2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area.2(2019全国卷) Scientists have responded by noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) aro
2、und human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.3(2019全国卷) When we got a call saying (say)she was short listed，we thought it was a joke.4(2018全国卷) You dont have to run fast or for long to see (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight
3、 and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running.1考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。短文改错1(2019全国卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.saysaying 2(2019全国卷) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
4、managemanaging3(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sellselling4(2018全国卷) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.watchingwatch1谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2过去分词与现在分词的错用；3不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4to是介词还
5、是不定式符号的误判。考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义单句语法填空1(2019福州八中质检) (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.Realizing分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。2(2019蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly (encourage), the team conducted another experi
6、ment, this time with water that contained bacteria.encouraged分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填encouraged。3(2019太原一模)Silk Road trades traveled together in long caravans(旅行队) of camels.This mode of travel provided protection from robbers who might attempt (rob) the valuable
7、goods being transported.to rob考查不定式。attempt意为“试图，企图”，后跟不定式作宾语，故填to rob。非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done
8、表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球
9、上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。考点二非谓语动词作状语.单句语法填空1(2019江西五校第一次联考)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.to develop考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。2(2019山东烟台期末)They put the foo
10、d out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather， (watch) birds.watching句意：他们把食物放在后院，然后一边观鸟一边享受明媚的天气。主语They与watch为逻辑上的主动关系，且watch与spend同时发生，故填现在分词watching作伴随状语。3(2019江西宜春中学第一次诊断) (compare) with the western medicines high fees，TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) has a reasonable price that o
11、rdinary people can afford.Compared句意：与西药的高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。compared with.为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与相比”。.单句改错4(2019长沙一模)The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysterious. wornwearing考查非谓语动词。动词wear和主语The boy之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。5(2019吉林吉大附中月考)Thought that
12、his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. ThoughtThinking分析句子结构可知，Thought that his solution might be wrong在句中作状语，think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故将Thought改为Thinking。1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。I
13、n order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time.要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形
14、容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提醒语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动
15、宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。2分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星
