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1、On English-Chinese Cultural Differences and Translation StrategiesIIntroductionAfter the end of the Cold War, the world situation has changed greatly. Economic globalization, technological information and culture diversity are increasing rapidly. The world is like a village. The countries in the wor
2、ld connect with, depend on and cooperate with each other closely. Social development will combine the whole world together more closely. Both developed and developing countries and even the least developed countries can not put themselves out of the historical trend. They must try their best to use
3、their advantages to ensure their own development. Economic globalization must promote global cultural exchange. There are so many kinds of languages in the world. And it is often very hard for people in one country to understand the language used by people in another country. Language is the carrier
4、 of culture and part of the culture. Because languages can reflect a nations culture, language symbols provides a rich expression means for a nation. Language has been keeping synchronous development with culture throughout the whole process of human cultures coming into being and their subsequent d
5、evelopment. “Some scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, they maintain, culture would be impossible.” (邓炎昌, 刘润清 31). On the other hand, “Language is the primary means by which a culture transmits its beliefs, values and a means of thinking” (戴炜栋 158). “Language is a part o
6、f culture. Differences on the language usage will expose features of the social culture in terms of the substances, customs and other activities”(Lyons 30). Edward, Taylor, British cultural anthropologist in one book of primitive culture (1871), regarded culture as a concept to propose for the first
7、 time, and described it as: “Each complicated culture, includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law and custom as ability and habit in the society”. It is obvious that coverage of culture phenomenon of a nationality is a part of culture. Cultural difference between English and Chinese idioms can be s
8、hown in the following several aspects. But in different fields, the degrees of translation difficulties are different. For example, poetry can almost not be translated accurately, because of either the form or the phonology of the poetry plays a very important part in its meaning. Cultural differenc
9、es play a great role in translation. In this paper, firstly it gives the definition of translation. Then the paper explores the four main cultural differences between English and Chinese, the geographical and cultural environment, religion, history and customs. Basing on these four aspects of the cu
10、ltural differences, then puts forward several translation strategies, aiming to make translation play a better role of bridge of cultural exchanges. Meanwhile the paper presents many examples to explain and interpret how deal with these differences. Facing these cultural differences, the strategies
11、which we use are the major concerns of this paper. In the conclusion part, it is pointed out that to deal with culture differences accurately, a translator should adopt flexible translation strategy according to different conditions. He or she must respect both the foreign culture and his or her own
12、 culture in order to make the projection achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and finally raises its expectation of further study in this field.II. Definition of Translation As this paper will focus on several translation strategies, first of all, we should know what translation is.
13、Translation theorists have formulated various definitions of translation, but up to now, no consensus has been reached upon a unified satisfactory definition. Here two are definitions.The first definition maintains that any interpretation is translation. Translation thus defined includes intra-lingu
14、al rewording, inter-lingual translation and inter- semiotic translation (Nida 69). It is not difficult to see that this definition place so vast a scope of study under “translation” that unified principles and common features of the concept of translation are hard to find .This view is accepted and
15、supported by few scholars.The second definition maintains that translation is an activity that progresses in either oral or written form between two distinct languages-the source language and the target language. Most translators supported this view, including Roger Bell, Peter Newmark and Eugene Ni
16、da and so on. Roger Bell has quoted a definition from Dubois (148): “translation is the expression in one language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences”. To sum up, translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a translation, that communicates the same message in another language. The text to
