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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The（ ） choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that will enable him or her to maximize utility.问题1选项A.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimistic【答案】A【解析】optimal最佳的，最理想的；optional可选择的，随意的；optical光学的，视觉的；optimistic乐观的。句意：因此，对于消费者来说，最佳选择是
2、在可用的选择中做出选择，从而使他或她能够最大化效用。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Topics of conversation should be（ ）to the experiences and interests of the students.问题1选项A.rigidB.rigorousC.relevantD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。rigid严格的，死板的；rigorous严格的，严酷的；relevant相关的，常与介词to搭配，意为与相关；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能与句中的to搭配。句意：对话的主题应该与学生的经历和兴趣相关。选项
3、C符合句意。3. 翻译题1999年，中国开始进入老龄化社会。2004年年底, 60岁以上的人口达到1.43亿，占全国人口总数的10.97%。至此，中国成为世界上拥有最多老龄人口的国家。有专家说1990年到2033年是中国的“人口红利”(population bonus)期, 出生率下降，老龄人口还不算太多，这一时期是有助于经济发展的。2010年到2013年中国劳动力人口将达到9亿人，在这之后“红利”会变成“赤字”，也就是说，这以后需要照顾的老龄人口会迅速增加。据说2030年后的二十年是中国老龄化最严峻的时期。因此，要做好充分准备，好好利用人口红利期来解决严重的老龄化问题。有报告称，中国是典型的
4、成为富裕国家前就面临老龄化社会的国家。这是长期的问题，也需要很长时间才能解决。中国一直坚持计划生育政策，人口增长的趋势得到了有效的控制。据估计，中国到2030年的总人口将达到14. 65亿，届时会面临老龄化和人口出生率下降两大压力，这也一定会给国家的经济和社会发展带来巨大的压力。这份报告还指出，中国在解决老龄化问题的意识、条件及法规上都严重滞后，因此，必须把这个问题的解决纳人到未来国家发展策略中。我们要及早关注老龄化人口的医疗资源，完善社会保障体系。在老龄人口达到顶峰前，建立一个健全的国家性社会保障机制。【答案】Since 1999, China has entered into a situ
5、ation of the aging society. There will be 143 million Chinese aged 60 or over, accounting for 10. 97 percent of the population to the end of 2004. At this point, China became the country who have the largest number of Aging population. Some experts say that it is Chinas population bonus between 1990
6、 and 2033 when birthrate is decreased and the number of old people is not too much, which helps to develop the economies.The total working age population will reach 900 million from 2010 to 2013. After that, the “population bonus” will turn “demographic deficit”, which means that caring for the incr
7、easing number of elderly people will grows rapidly. It is said that the worst of the crisis for Chinas aging population hit the twenty years after 2030. Therefore, we should be well prepared so as to deal with the serious problem of agedness by making full use of population dividend.China is the typ
8、ical country facing the aging population before being rich one according to a report. Its going to be a perennial problem and could take a long time to resolve. China has stuck to its family-planning policy to efficiently control the tendency of increasing population. It is estimated that Chinas tot
9、al population will reach 1.465 billion in 2030 when the government would face an aging population and a decreased birthrate, which will also block the development of economy and society.The report also points out that for china there are serious lags in the consciousness, the reality of conditions a
10、nd the relevant regulations about aging population, and thus we should put it into the overall national development strategic layout. We should pay more attention to the medical resources on the aging populations as early as possible, improve the social safety net, and set up the all-sided guarantee
11、ing system before the aging population reaches the peak.4. 单选题The two friends sat in a corner and（ ）away to each other about the weather.问题1选项A.talkedB.chattedC.mutteredD.whispered【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕哝，喃喃自语；whisper低声说；chat away意为闲谈，其他选项均不能和away搭配使用。5. 单选题A leading British scholar has proposed trans
12、lating Shakespeare into contemporary English（ ） young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.问题1选项A.in memory ofB.at the cost ofC.on behalf ofD.for the benefit of【答案】D【解析】in memory of纪念；at the cost of以为代价；on behalf of代表，为了；for the benefit of为了的利益。句意：英国一位著名学者提议将莎士比亚的作品翻译成
13、现代英语，以造福那些被过时了400年的笑话弄糊涂的年轻观众。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Shes got so（ ）to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.问题1选项A.use to listenB.used to listenC.used in listeningD.used to listening【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。get used to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为习惯于做某事。所以本题选D。7. 单选题As a good photographer, you must deve
14、lop an awareness of the world around you and the people who（ ）it.问题1选项A.innovateB.inhabitC.integrateD.inherit【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。innovate创新，改革；inhabit居住于，存在于；integrate整合；inherit继承。人类是居住在世界上的，所以选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it （1 ） not m
15、atter. They will turn themselves off and on again when you（2 ）. You will choose the temperatures for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor （3 ） the presence of a human (and, with luck, ignore the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans （4） it will turn them off again.The sensors will work through the central home computer and they will do （5 ） more than just turn the fires and lights on and （6 ） for you. They will detect（7
