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1、A尺寸，形状缺陷铸造缺陷 casting defects尺寸超差 impropershrinkage allowance尺寸不合格wrong size模样错误 excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error壁厚不均 differentthickness铸型下垂mold sag错型 mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint舂移 ram off, ramaway塌型 mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker上型下沉，沉芯sag（上型和型芯下垂导致
2、壁厚减小）飞翅 fins, joint flash翘曲 warp age,buckling, warping, camber铸件变形 warped casting挤箱 push up,cramp-off型裂 broken mold,cracked掉砂 crush ofmold, crush变形 deformation,casting distortion, warped castingB. 缩孔（由凝固收缩引起）缩孑L shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity内部缩孑L internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage
3、敞露缩孑L open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks,depression缩松 porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage,disperded shrinkage缩陷 sink marks,draw, suck-in芯面缩孑L core shrinkage内角缩孑L cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage出汗孑L extruded bead,exudation线状缩孑L fissure likeshrinkageC. 气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）气孑L
4、blowholes,gas hole, blow针孑 L pinholes裂纹状缺陷/线状缺陷fissure defectsD. 裂纹裂纹crack缩裂 shrinkage crack季裂 seasoncracking, season crack应力热裂 hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear淬火裂纹 quench crack,quenching crack应力冷裂 cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear龟裂crack激冷层裂纹，白裂chill crackE. 夹杂物夹渣 slaginclusion, sla
5、g blowholes砂眼 sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole其他夹杂物 the other inclusion月长砂 push up,cramp-off, sand hole掉砂 crush, crushof mold硬点 hard spot浮渣dross （浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷,尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣 graphite dross,carbon dross氧化皮夹渣 oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seam
6、s硫化物熔渣sulfide dross沉淀物sludge夹渣物 sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams黑点，黑渣 black spots,lustrous carbon涂料夹渣 blacking,refractory coating inclusions光亮碳膜 lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracksF. 外观缺陷浇不足 misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut冷隔 cold shut,cold laps轻度冷隔seam两重皮plate皱皮 surface fold,gas run,
7、 elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks漏箱 run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder漏芯 mold drop,stiker未浇i茜 short pours,short run, poured short气孑L blowholes, blow飞翅 fins z joint flash胀砂 / 气疱 swell, blister芯撑未融合 chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet热粘砂burn in热痕 flow marks内渗豆,冷豆，冷隔 internal sweating
8、, coldshot, shot iron外渗物sweating磷化物渗豆phosphide sweat铅渗豆lead sweat锡渗豆tin sweat掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷）G. 型芯缺陷砂芯断裂 crushed core,broken core砂芯压碎broken core芯面缩孔core blow砂芯缩孔core blow砂芯下垂 sag core,deformed core砂芯弯曲deformed core漂芯 shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout偏芯 co
9、re shiftH. 表面缺陷沾砂 burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration粘型（金属型）fusion两重皮 laminations ,plat机械粘砂 penetration ,metal penetration夹渣结疤 scabs expansion scabs , corner scab表面粗糙 rough casting ,rough surface鼠尾 buckle , rattail涂料结疤 blacking scab ,wash scabs烘干不足 sever surface ,wash scabs熟痕 surfacedefect c
10、asting by combination of gas and shrinkage（在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）涂料剥落wash erosion气疱 blister,surface or subsurface blow hole表面粗糙 rough surface ,seems , scars起皮 stripping剥落结疤 pull down ,spalling scab伤痕 crows feet麻面 pittingsurface , orange peel, alligator skin热裂痕 surface folds, gas runs泡疤表面 surface folds ,g
11、as runs象皮状皱皮 surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin皱皮 surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks波纹wave冲砂wash冲蚀 erosionI. 组织缺陷（铸铁）球化不良 poor nodularity, degenerated graphite蠕墨化不良 degeneratedgraphite异常石墨 abnormalgraphite开花状石墨 exploded graphite过;令石墨 under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite石墨细小颗粒chu
12、nky graphite石墨粗大 kish graphite ,kish整歹!石墨 aligned graphite石墨漂浮 floated graphite石墨魏氏组织 Widmannstattengraphite麻口 mottled cast iron , mottle灰点mottle反麻口 inverse mottle （与麻口相反,在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）白口 chill反白口 reverse chill, inverse chill冷豆 extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating退火不足 miss annealing , incom
13、plete annealing粗大枝晶组织coarsened dendritic反偏析 inverse segregation比重偏析 gravity segregation溶质偏析 solute segregation宏观偏析 macroscopic segregation微观偏析 microscopic segregationJ. 断口缺陷表面铁素体ferrite rim表面珠光体pearlite rim白缘 / 脱碳 pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer不均匀断口 heterogeneous fractured surface破碎激冷
14、层 scattered chill structure , cold flakes晶粒粗大rough grain尖钉状断口 spiky fractured surface冰糖状断口 rock candy fracture surfaceK. 力学性能缺陷硬点hard spot （对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相,如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称）硬度不良 poor hardness , too high or lowhardnessL. 使用性能缺陷腐蚀性不良 poor corrosion resistance切削性不良 po
15、or machinability麻点 torn surface锌晶间腐蚀 zinc intergranular corrosion电导率不良 poor electrical conductivityM. 其他缺陷残留飞翅residual fin残留黑皮 residualblack skin浇道冒口断口缺肉 broken casting at gate , riser or vent端部缺肉inside cut切口缺肉（压铸件）inside cut翘曲（喷丸弓 I起）camber, excessive cleaning铸件弯曲（铸件变形）warped casting , casting distortion , deformedmold , mold creep打磨缺肉crow,s feet铸造管理缺陷裂纹crack压痕 impression残留物型砂残留 sand inclusions喷丸粒残留residual shot锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透 zinc infiltratio
