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1、Chinese Translation activities from Zhou Dynasty to Eastern Han Dynastybefore Emperor Huan赵晴【Abstract】translationhistoryistheimportantcomponentpartoftranslationstudies.OnthebasisofreviewingtwobooksAHistoryofTranslationTheoryinChinaandABriefHistoryofChineseTranslation,thispapertriestostudyChinesetran
2、slationactivitiesfromZhoudynastytoeasternHandynasty,hopingtopromotedevelopmentofstudiesontranslationhistory.【Keywords】translationactivities;ZhouDynasty;communication1.TranslationActivitiesinZhouDynastyAsisknowntoall,backinprehistorictimes,tribesandethnicsfromdifferentregionsofChinabegantheircommunic
3、ationandintegration.AndtheinteractionbetweenChinesenationandthedistantforeignresidentsalsobeganveryearly.IntheZhoudynasty,thereareinhabitantsfromdifferentethnicgroupswithintheterritoryofthedynasty.Withsomanyethnicgroupstoassociate,Huaethnicgroupcannotdowithouttranslation.Xiangxuisatranslatoroffcial,
4、thespecifictaskofXiangxuistoreceiveenvoysandvisitorsfromothernationsandcountries,andXiangxuisalsoresponsiblefortranslatingmatters.OfficialswhotranslateeasternnationallanguagearecalledJi;officialswhotranslatesouthernnationallanguagearecalledXiang;officialswhotranslatewesternnationallanguagearecalledD
5、idi;officialswhotranslatenorthernnationallanguagearecalledYi.VassalstatesofZhouDynastyalsohavetranslatingofficials,calledXingren.ThelanguageofJingmanisdifferentfromcentralstates,sotheremustbetranslatorswhentheyassociatewithcentralstates.StatesgovernedbyZhouDynasty,suchasChuandYue,usetwodifferentlang
6、uages.ThelanguageofYueisquitedifferentfromthatofcentralplainstate,whilethelanguageofChuissimilartocentralplainstates.2.TranslationActivitiesinQinDynastyAftertheFirstEmperorofQinunifiedChina,hechangethenameoftranslatingofficialfromXingRentoDianKe,DianKeisinchargeofthereceptionandcommunicationofthemin
7、oritypeople,andothermatters,andalsoresponsiblefordiplomaticrelationsandbordertribalaffairs.ThewesternHandynastyfollowedQin,alsohasXingRen,butemperorJingchangedtheitto“DaXinglinginBC144,andthenemperorWuchangedittoDaHonglu.Vassals,feudallords,triballeadersofminoritygroups,aswellasforeignmonarchsandenv
8、oysareallregardedastheemperorsguests,DaHongluisinchargeofalltherelevantaffairs.Whenvassalshaveanaudiencewiththeemperor,DaHongluisinchargeofetiquette;whenavassaldie,DaHongludispatchenvoystocondole,draftamemorialspeechandposthumoustitle.WhentriballeadersofminoritygroupsthatbelongtoHandynastyacceptthet
9、itleorhaveanaudiencewiththeemperor,aswellasforeignenvoyspaytributetotheemperor,affairsaboutetiquetteareallundertookbyDaHonglu.Ifcountiessubordinateofficialstothecapitaltoreportthestatusoflocalgovernance,DaHongluwillarrangetheiraccommodation.3.TranslationActivitiesinHanDynastyThroughouttheWesternHanD
10、ynasty,thecommunicationwithHunisreallyfrequent.ExceptinBC56,thecommunicationwiththeHunswasinchargedofDianShuguo,alltheothersaffairswerehandledbyDaXinglingorDaHongluandsubordinatetranslatingofficials.ThelanguageoftheHunsbelongstoAltaic,quitedifferentfromChineselanguage,thereforetranslatingisofvitalim
11、portanceinthecommunicationbetweentheHunsandtheHans.TheforeignaffairsoftheEasternHanDynastyisroughlythesameasthatoftheWesternHanDynasty,alsohasDaHonglu,subordinateofficialsincludeoneDaXinglin,oneprimeministerinancientChina,and47ZhiLilang.Inthemeantime,theEasternHanDynastyalsohasKeCaowhoisresponsiblef
12、orcommunicationaffairswithotherethnicgroupsandforeigners,anddividedKeCaointoNanzhuKecaoandBeizhuKecao,butinlateEasternHanDynasty,combinethetwointoKeCaoagain.IntheEasternHanDynasty,peoplehavetranslatedthreepoem,theynotonlyrecordthepoetandthetranslator,butalsokeeptheChinesecharacteroftheoriginalpoem.A
13、ccordingtoHistoryoftheLaterHanDynasty,thethreepoemsarecreatedinYongpingyearsfromBC58toBC75,theywerewrotebyTangzui,andlatertranslatedbyTiangong.ConclusionTranslationactivitiesfromZhouDynastytoEasternHanDynastyasabeginningofChinesetranslationactivities,playsanimportantroleintranslationhistory.Everytranslationactivity,whetheritisbigorsmall,hadagreatandprofoundinfluenceonsocietyandculture.Studiesontranslationactivitiesofthisperiodarequitenecessary.Throughthestudyoftranslationactivities,wecangetmoreinformationoftranslationhistoryofChina,ifwearewellversedinhistory,wecancreatethefuturebetter.