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1、第四讲 主旨大意类专项练习【分类真题】（2019年全国卷II，D）Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its t
2、urning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
3、For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution（解决方案）. “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.There are no tests, Gordon sa
4、ys. There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. its not a very nice thing at times. Its a
5、 hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach. And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA eng
6、ineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.【答案】.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们对
7、国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些？根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知，国际空间站的细菌非常难
8、处理，所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染；C:它们以不同的形式出现；D:它们毁坏仪器33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education.【答案】.D【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为
9、：HUNCH项目的目的是什么？第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。）中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school ed-ucation(学校教育）对应，NASA engineers与D选项中的space technol-ogy(空间技术）对应，故选D。A:为了加强师生关系；B:为了提升学生的交流技能；C:为了让学生体验失重34. What do the NASA engineers d
10、o for the students in the program? A. Check their product.B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.【答案】.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么？根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. its not a very nice thing at times.
11、 Its a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查，审查）,证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查，所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计；C:调整工作时间表；D:给他们的作业打分。35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of AstronautsB. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD. HUNCH: A College Admiss
12、ion Reform【答案】.B 【解析】主旨大意题。本题题干意为：最适合本文的标题是什么？本文主要介绍HUNCH项目，这个项目是有关太空研究的，而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知，最佳选项是B项（Space:The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太空研究，Homework对应高中教育，Frontier(前沿）突出了这个项目的领先性。A:NASA:The Home of Astronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:Nature:An Outdoor Class-room,Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D:HUNCH:A College Admiss
13、ion Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革（2018年全国卷II，D）Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised
14、conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble .Experts say its an invaluable social pr
15、actice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Insti
16、tute at Indiana University Southeast .Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to see
