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1、A Study of Chinese Request Speech ActsPragmaticsisanimportantbranchandresearchfieldoflinguistics.AfterthefamouslinguistJ.L.AustinintroducedtheSpeechActTheoryin1955，JohnSearle，Austinsstudent，linkedtheillocutionaryactwiththediscoursecontent.Hegaveacleardescriptionofthelocutionaryactandillocutionaryact
2、.Thecoreproblemofthisstudyishowdopeoplemeettheneedsofexpressing“requestotherstoperformsomethingbyusinglanguageform.Theoriginoftheword“requestwastheancientFrenchword“requeste.Thedefinitionofrequestisabehaviorthatexpressestheneedordesireorrequiressomeonetodosomething.Therefore，thespeakersoftenadoptsom
3、estrategiestoadjusttheuseofvariousformsofcourtesytomakerequestspoliteandeasyforlistenerstoaccept，soastoachievethepurpose.AccordingtoBrownandLevinsonin1987，requestwillbeaffectedbythreefactors：thestrengthorweaknessofpower，therelationshipbetweenspeakersandthedegreeofrequirements.Whenpeopletalktootherpe
4、ople，especiallywhenitcomestomakingrequests，eitherdirectlyorindirectly，thepolitenessprinciplemustbeconsideredaccordingtotheirownculture.TheexamplesIconductfrommyexperienceareasfollowings：Helpmecheckmyhomework.Goandprintthematerial.Turnthebookovertopage151.XiaoZhang，Idliketoaskyouafavor.Couldyoupassme
5、mybag，please？Hi！Brother，whatareyoudoingnow？Iforgottobringthemealcard，haveyoueatenyet？Honey，IseeXiaoLiboughtanewdress.Itrieditandlikeitverymuch.Therearemanywaystoexpressa“request.TheChineserequeststrategyisdividedintodirectrequeststrategyandindirectrequeststrategy：1.Thedirectrequeststrategy：thespeake
6、rmakestherequestinaclearworddirectlytothepersontobeasked.Withshortandclearwordsdirectlyindicatethepurposeofthespeaker，asktheotherpersontodosomething.Fromtheexamplesabove，wecouldclassifythatsentence1，2，3，4areinthistype.Intherelationofparentchild;bossstaff;teacherstudent，thereisalwaysamorepowerfulrole
7、，suchasparent，bossandteachertoalesspowerfulrole：child，staff，andstudent.2.Theindirectrequeststrategy：contrarytothedirectstrategy，itismorelikelytouseinquiry，consultation，amorecircuitousandgentlewaytomakearequest.Wordsoftenappearincertainwordsandininterrogativesentences，suchas“Excuseme，Can/couldyou.，Ma
8、yIItisrelativelylongcomparedtothedirectone.Fromtheexamplesabove，wecouldclassifythatsentence5，6，7，8areinthistype.Generallyspeaking，thelistenerwhoisfartherawayfromthesocietyismoreinclinedtochoosetheindirectway，andthepersonwhoishigherthanhimselftendstochoosethemoreindirectway.Astheexamplesshowabove，the
9、relationshipbetweenspeakersinsentence5isstrangers，inwhichthetwospeakerssocialrelationisfar.Thesocialfactorsthataffecttherequeststrategygenerallyincludethesocialdistance，thesocialstatus，theageofbothparties，genderandsoon.Parentstothechildren，elderstotheyoungergeneration，teacherstothestudents，thesuperi
10、ortothesubordinate，theyusedirectwordstosendarequest.Thedirectstrategyisoftenusedwhenapplyingtherequesttothepersonwhohasthesamecollectiverelationshipwithhimself，likeexample4.Inthefaceoffamiliarpeople，weoftenchoosetousethe“name，passthebooktomesuchdirectrequest，andinthefaceofstrangers，weoftenusethe“pleasehelpmetopassthebookor“Couldyoupassthebooktome？inapoliteway.Inreallife，peoplewilloftenchoosetheappropriatelanguageaccordingtothespecificcontext.【作者簡介】万原林1995-，女，汉族，陕西西安人，西北大学外国语学院，文学硕士，研究方向：外国语言学与教学。
