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1、2022年高中英语（人教大纲）第二册下：Unit11 Scientific achievements(备课资料).异域风情Cars and the United StatesCars are an important part of life in the United States.Without a car most people feel that they are poor.And even if a person is poor,he doesnt feel really poor when he has a car.Henry Ford was the man who first
2、started making cars in large numbers.He probably didnt know how much the car was going to affect American culture.The car made the United States a nation on wheels.And it helped make the United States what it is today.There are three main reasons that the car became so popular in the United States.F
3、irst of all,the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it.The car provides the most fortable and cheapest form of transportation.With a car people can go anyplace without spending a lot of money.The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never real
4、ly developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation.Long-distance trains have never been as mon in the United States as they are in other parts of the world.Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes.But it is too expensive to be used frequently.The third r
5、eason is the most important one.The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular.Americans dont like to wait for a bus,or a train or even a plane.They dont like to have to follow an exact schedule.A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time.And this is the freedom tha
6、t Americans want most to have.The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans.But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation.The real solution will have to be a new kind of car,one that does not use so much gas.知识归纳1.英文中表达“意愿和希望”情况归纳在英语中，人们在日常交往活动时，都要表达意愿和希望，可用下列的常用结构：(1
7、)Im going to（表示“我计划、打算”，事先有考虑）Are you going to？（询问“你的打算是什么”）如：Im going to see a film.我打算去看电影。Are you going to leave for Beijing?你打算动身去北京吗？（2）I will(我将要)What will you？（表示“你的意愿是做什么”）如：I will write a letter to a friend in Beijing.我要给我北京的朋友写封信。What will you do at the weekend?周末你要做什么？（3）I intend/mean/pla
8、n to(表示“我打算/计划”)Do you intend/mean/plan to？（询问“你打算/想要”）如：I plan to travel in Europe this summer.今年夏天我计划到欧洲旅游。I mean to wait for the next bus.我打算等下一辆公共汽车。Do you intend to take the driving license test this year?你打算参加今年的驾驶执照考试吗？Do you mean to put off the appointment?你想要推迟这次约会吗？（4）Id like to/I feel lik
9、e/Im ready to(强调“我想要/乐意”)如：Id like to stay at home doing my homework.我想呆在家里做作业。I feel like going out for a walk.我想出去散散步。Im ready to visit my uncle.我准备去看望我叔叔。（5）I want to(表示意愿和欲望，语气较强烈)I hope to(表示希望做某事，语气较委婉)I wish to(表示不能达到的愿望，也指愿意做某事)Do you hope to?(询问“你希望”)What do you wish to?(询问“你希望”)如：I want to
10、 go to college.我想上大学。I hope to be a teacher.我希望当一个教师。I wish to see you.我想见你。Do you hope to stay and work in Shanghai after graduation?你毕业后希望留在上海工作吗？What do you wish to do after you e back from Canada?你从加拿大归国后希望干点什么？（6）I would rather not（我宁愿不）表示当别人邀请你做某事而你又不太愿意时，语气较委婉；I dont feel like(我不想)表示当别人邀请你做某事
11、而你又不太愿意时，语气较委婉。如：I would rather not tell you.我宁愿不告诉你。I dont feel like going swimming today.我今天不想去游泳。（7）I hope that（表示希望实现的可能性大）I wish that(表示希望实现的可能性很小)如：I hope that you will visit China next year.我希望你明年访问中国。I wish that I knew the latest news.但愿我知道最新消息。（8）类似的表示意愿和希望的常用句型还有Ive dreamed of(我渴望)Ive been
12、 looking forward to(我一直盼望)Im thinking of(我正在考虑)Ive decided to(我已决定)I will be glad to(我乐意)Im considering(我在考虑)Have you decided to?(你已决定？)I would rather(我宁愿)I think I will(我想我会)I havent made up my mind whether to(我还没决定是否)2.电子邮件中的缩略语(1)AFAIK as far as I know 据我所知(2)ASAP as soon as possible 尽早地(3)BTW by
13、 the way 顺便问一下(4)BRB be right back 马上回来(5)DIY do it yourself 自己动手做(6)DL download 下载(7)FAQ frequently asked questions 常见问题(8)FTF face to face 面对面(9)IC I see 我明白(10)ICQ I see you 网上寻呼机（我找你）(11)L&R later 后来(12)IOW in other words 换句话说(13)MOF male or female 男士或女士(14)OTOH on the other hand 另一方面(15)POV poi
14、nt of view 观点(16)RUOK? Are you OK? 你好吗？(17)THX thanks 多谢(18)TTBOMK to the best of my knowledge 据我所知(19)TTUL talk to you later 回头再谈(20)UL upload 上传3.动词“get+及物动词的过去分词”常见形式归纳这种形式中，get已失去原有词汇的意义，而接近于助动词be的功能。但同“be+及物动词的过去分词”相比，它更强调动作的结果，体现动作性，含有被动之意。常用的有：get burnt 被烧/烫伤get broken 破碎了get hurt 受伤了get lost
15、 迷路get damaged 遭到破坏get paid 拿工资get drunk 喝醉get married 结婚get killed 被杀死get drowned 被淹死get painted 油漆，粉刷get caught in the rain 被雨淋湿get caught on a nail 被钉子挂住.词语辨析1.possible,probable,likely adj. 可能的(1)possible强调客观上潜在的可能性，但也常常暗示“实际上希望很小”。e.g.He is a possible choice.他是一个可以考虑的人选。（根据客观情况，而非说话者臆断）possible (反义词 impossible)作表语时，前面通常不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，常用句式为：It is possible for sb. to do sth. It is possible that-clause.e.g.He is possible to finish the work.()It is possible for
