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1、冀教版九下第五单元语法强化训练 语法全面透视宾语补足语宾语补足语通常紧跟宾语之后对宾语进一步补充、解释、说明,使意思更加完整、正确,做宾语补足语的一般有:名词,形容词,介词或介词短语,副词,现在分词或短语,过去分词,动词不定式等。1. 哪些动词后可有宾语补足语(1)在表示心理状态的动词后接宾语补足语。这类动词有:consider(考虑),think(认为),believe(相信),discover(发现),find(发现),imagine(想象),prove(证明),suppose(假设)等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“tobe+形容词或名词”结构,think(认为),consider(考虑),
2、find(发现)后的tobe常可省略。Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好,很诚实。I believe it to be true. 我相信那是真的。(2)在表示情感状态的动词后接宾语补足语。这类动词有:love(爱好),like(喜欢),prefer(更喜欢),hate(不喜欢),want(想要),wish(希望),expect(期望)等。Idpreferyoutoleavehimalone.我希望你不要打
3、扰他。Idontwantthemtobeanytrouble. 我不想他们有任何麻烦。友情提示hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。I hope you can give me a hand.=I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。He demanded that we should be present at the meeting.= He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。Mr. Li suggested that she should n
4、ot go there alone.= Mr. Li advised her not to go there alone李先生建议她不要独自去那里。 2. 宾语补足语的形式可作宾语补足语的形式有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,名词,形容,副词,介词短语都能作补语。(1)副词作宾语补足语的动词有:find(发现),think(认为),let(让)等。I found him in yesterday. 我发现他昨天在家。I think her out now.我认为她现在出去了。(2)形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep(保持), get(使), think(认为), find(认为,发现), ma
5、ke(使)等。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。 Dont get your clothes dirty.别把衣服弄脏了。(3)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。We call them mooncakes. 我们叫他们月饼。She thought her son (to be) a honest boy. 她认为她的儿子是一个诚实的男孩。(4)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。表示动作正在进行。In the country,
6、we can hear birds singing. 在农村我们可以听见鸟儿唱歌。I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。(5)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。I left my pen on my desk at home. I found my grandpa in the garden.我发现爷爷在花园里。(6)不定式作宾语补足语1) 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise(建议), allow(允许), tell(告诉), want(想要), wish(希望),
7、would like(想要), get(使), ask(要求), teach(教 )She often asks me to help her. 她常常叫我帮助她。We dont allow such things to happen again.我们不允许这样的事情再发生了。2) 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see(看见), watch(观看), hear(听见), make(让), let(让), feel(感觉), notice(注视)等。I often see him play football. 我常常看见他踢足球。They heard her sing in the
8、 next room.他们听见她在隔壁房间里唱歌。3) 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明 help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。I often help my mother(to) do some housework.我常常帮我妈妈干家务活。在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词是“一感二听三让四观看”。一感:feel;二听:hear,listento;三让:let,have,make;四观看:see,watch,lookat,notice。转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式,但have没有被动语态。Lethi
9、mdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了4)掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“ have 宾语过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语, have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义: 意为“主语请别人做某事”。 He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动
10、作由医生来进行) 意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt.当心,否则会弄伤手的。 意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。(主语自己可能参与)5)动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。Im waiting for James to arrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。Hes arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安排了
11、一辆汽车去车站接他们。(7)分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1) 跟分词作宾语补足语的动词有: make(让), have(使), get(使), keep(保持), hear(听), find(发现), feel(感觉), start(开始), begin(开始), notice(注视), watch(观看)等。There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法
12、让人听到他的声音。When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。友情提示在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里3. 现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。(1)feel,find,hear,notice,see,wat
13、ch等感官动词,既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语,表示动作的完成。试比较下面句子:He saw her working in the garden. (She was working in the garden.)他看见她在花园里干活。He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看见她走进屋子。(2)使役动词get,have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。get sb. to do/have sb. do sth表示“使/
14、让/叫某人去做某事”,侧重动作的结果;have sb./sth doing表示“使/让某人/物持续地做某事”,侧重动作的持续;get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”,侧重动作的开始。试比较下面的句子:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母亲让我到商店买一些盐。I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.我不能使他戒烟。他不听我的话。The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.
15、母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间。I cant get the car starting. 我不能把车发动起来。 语法强化训练( )1.There must be someone at the door. I heard a bell . A. ring B. to ring C. ringing D. was ringing( )2. The news made me .A.exciteB.excitingC.excitesD.excited( )3. Mum always tells me hard.A.am studyingB.studyingC.to studyD. study( )4. Look! Can you see a boy towards us?A.runB.to runC. runsD.running( )5. They