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1、直接引语和间接引语 白 昆直接引语和间接引语杨陵中学英语教研组 白昆直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。例如：Shesays,“Illneverforgetthemoment.” 变为间接引语为:Shesaysthatshellneverforgetthemoment.但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态、地点状语、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律： 一、三要素： 我们想要很好地掌握直
2、接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。 要素一： 陈述句的直接引语变间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told等。例如： Hesaid:“Iveleftmybookinmyroom.” Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom. Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”Shesaidthathewouldbebusy. 要素二：1、疑问句的直接引语变间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me,hi
3、m等，例如： ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?” SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher. Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?” Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis. 2、特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?” TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit. 要素三：祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，要采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 即tol
4、d/asked/ordered/ warned +sb.(not)todosth.注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语，引语中的please去掉，动词改为ask Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.” Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime. Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.” ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly. 二、“五不变” 直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。 1、直接引语如果表达的是客观真理，谚（习）语
5、，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.” Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun. Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.” Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect. 2、直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如： Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.” Theboytoldusheusuallygetsup
6、atsixeveryday. Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.” Hesaidtheyarestillstudents. 3、直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如： Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.” Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978. Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.” Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967. 4、直接引语中凡有hen，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如： Hesa
7、id,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.” HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy. Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus. Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus. Mr.Greensaidtothem, “Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.” Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheasked
8、forajob. 5、如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如： Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately. Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately. Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.” Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce. 另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变.例如： Isaidtohim,“Ihavef
9、inishedit.”ItoldhimIhadfinishedit. 如果就在当地转述,here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today,yesterday,tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如： Shesaidtous,Illcomeheretomorrow.” Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow. 直接引语和间接引语练习1I.请选出正确的答案：1. WherewasAlicessister?Idontknowwhere_. A.wasAlicessister B.Alicessisterwas C.isAlicessiste
10、r D.Alicessisteris2. Whatdidhesay?Idontknowwhat_. A.didhesay B.hesays C.hehassaid D.hesaid3. Idontknow_. A.thereasonwhycanbe B.whythereasonmaybeC.whatthereasoncanbe D.whatthereasonmaybe4. Iwonder_.whichofthefollowingisnottherightchoice?A.whethershewillbefitforthejobornot B.whetherornotshewillbefitfo
11、rthejobC.ifshewillbefitforthejob D.whatshewillbefitforthejob5. IsMr.WufromBeijing?Idontknow_. A.wheredoeshecomefrom B.fromwheredoeshecome C.whichcityhecomesfrom D.whatcityhecomesfrom6. Canyoumakesure_? A.thathewillcomeheretoday B.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheret
12、oday7. Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddress B.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressis D.theplaceheraddressis8. Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibrary B.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibrary9. Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlike B.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlike10
