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1、中型汽车底盘鼓式制动器设计DESIGN OF DRUM BRAKE FOR LIGHT VEHICLE CHASSIS2013年6月 摘 要 制动器是产生阻碍车辆运动或运动趋势的力（制动力）的部件。根据制动力矩产生的方式不同，制动器可分为：摩擦制动器（利用固定元件与旋转元件工作表面的摩擦作用产生制动力矩的制动器）和缓速制动器，通常提及的制动器泛指摩擦制动器。目前各类汽车所采用的制动器可分为鼓式制动器和盘式制动器两大类。鼓式制动器的摩擦副中的旋转元件为制动鼓，其工作表面为圆柱面；盘式制动器的旋转元件为制动盘，以端面为工作表面。另外，根据旋转元件的安装位置不同，制动器又可分为车轮制动器和中央制动器
2、两大类。其中，车轮制动器的旋转元件固装在车轮或半轴上，即制动力矩直接分别作用于两侧车轮上，其一般用于行车制动，也可兼用于第二制动（或应急制动）和驻车制动；中央制动器的旋转元件固装在传动系的传动轴上，其制动力矩需经过驱动桥再分配到两侧车轮上，其一般只用于驻车制动和缓速制动。 鼓式制动器有内张型和外束型两种。前者的制动鼓以内圆柱面为工作表面，在汽车上应用广泛；后者制动鼓的工作表面则是外圆柱面，目前只有极少数汽车将其用于驻车制动器。内张型鼓式制动器主要由制动鼓（形状似锅，安装在轮毂上，并与车轮同步旋转）、制动蹄片（圆弧状部件，两个一组，蹄片外侧粘有产生制动力矩的摩擦衬片）、固定销及制动分缸等。制动时
3、，位于制动鼓内部的制动蹄片一端承受来自制动分缸的促动力后，绕其另一端的支点向外旋转，压靠到制动鼓内圆面上，进而产生摩擦力矩（制动力矩）。 盘式制动器主要由制动盘（安装在轮毂上与车轮形成整体旋转）和制动钳（固定在转向节等悬架构件上）组成。其中，制动盘有通风式和实心式两种；制动钳主要有浮动钳夹式（单活塞）、浮动叉式、固定钳夹式等几种。 与鼓式制动方式相比，盘式制动装置的机械部分外露，散热性能好，减少了由于摩擦热而产生了制动衰退现象，制动性能较稳定，所以现代轿车大多采用了盘式制动器，但是为了降低车辆成本，部分轿车在前轮采用盘式制动器的同时，后轮仍保留了鼓式制动器。 制动系统新技术 随着人们对汽车安全
4、性要求的不断提高和电子技术的飞速发展，现今的汽车制动系统已经发生了革命性的进步。一方面，制动系统通过各种传感器的实时监控为制动系统的高效制动提供了更有效的安全保证；另一方面，制动系统与汽车其它系统构成了纵横交错的区域化网络，在实现智能化的制动控制的同时，还能进一步降低汽车的能源消耗；另外，随着新材料和新结构的大量应用，制动系统自身的可靠性也得到了进一步的改善。AbstractBrake is a movement of vehicles or impede the movement of the trend (of power) components. According to brake t
5、orque generated in different ways, the brakes can be divided into: friction brake (use of fixed and rotating components of the surface components have a role in the friction brake torque brake) and retarder brakes, brake, broadly speaking, usually referred to the friction brake. At present all kinds
6、 of cars used by the brake drum brakes and can be divided into two major categories of disc brakes. Drum brake friction in the rotating components of the brake drum, and its work surface for the cylindrical surface of the rotating disc brake components for the brake disc, to end the work surface. In
7、 addition, under the rotating components of the installation of different positions, the brakes can be divided into the wheel brakes and brake two categories. Among them, the rotating wheels, brake components installed in the solid-wheel or axle, brake torque that is a direct role in both sides of t
8、he wheels, respectively, for its general travel brake, and can also be used to brake the second (or emergency Brake) and the car braking; rotating components of the brake-installed in the transmission of the transmission shaft, after its brake torque to be driven to the redistribution of the bridge
9、on both sides of the wheel, generally used only for its cars in the system Retarded and dynamic braking. Drum brakes are within and outside the beam-type-two. The former brake drum to work within the cylindrical surface of the car on the wide application of the latter brake drum is the work of Outer
10、 cylindrical surface, only a handful of cars will be used in car brakes. Zhang-drum brakes, mainly by the brake drum (Xingzhuang Si pot, installed in the wheel, and synchronization with the rotating wheels), brake shoes, (arc-shaped parts, a group of two, shoes, with a lateral Nien Moment of frictio
11、n brake lining film), fixed sales and brake-cylinder, and so on. Brake, brake drum in the internal brake shoes, brake points from one end to bear the Prokinetic cylinder, around the other side of the fulcrum of its outward rotation, the pressure on the brake drum with a round face, then friction Tor
12、que (braking torque). Disc brake mainly by the brake disc (installed on the wheel and the wheels on the formation of the overall rotation) and calipers (fixed to the suspension components on the Festival). Among them, ventilated brake disc-and two-solid; mainly floating calipers clamp-(single-piston
13、), fork-floating, such as several fixed-clamp. Compared with drum brakes, disc brakes of the mechanical parts exposed, thermal properties, and as a result of reduced friction and heat generated by braking phenomenon recession, more stable braking performance, so most modern cars use the disc Brake,
14、but in order to reduce the cost of vehicles, some cars in front disc brake use, while still retaining the rear drum brakes. Braking system of new technologies As people of vehicle safety requirements and the continuous improvement of the rapid development of electronic technology, todays automobile
15、braking system have taken place in the revolutionary progress. On the one hand, the brake system through a variety of sensors for real-time monitoring of the braking system braking to provide a more efficient and effective security assurances on the other hand, automobile braking systems and other s
16、ystems constitute stretches of the regional network, in Implementation of intelligent brake control at the same time, but also further reduce the energy consumption of motor vehicles; addition, with new materials and new structure of the large number of applications, the reliability of its braking system has been further improved. 目录第1章 绪论11.1汽车制动系统的发展概况11.2研究制动系统的意义1第2章 汽车总体参数的选择及计算22.1汽车形式
