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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题It is amazing that two researches working independently made the same discovery _.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.conscientiously【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项spontaneously“自发地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项collaboratively“协作地”；D选项conscientiousl
2、y“良心上”。句意：令人惊讶的是，两个独立工作的研究人员_获得同样的发现。根据语境，这里指两个研究人员在研究时互不联系，没有任何外部的干涉，却有相同的发现，A选项spontaneously“自发地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题To be sure, that is not what many see. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke and others have blamed the financial crisis of 2008 on a global savings glut, which fueled flows of
3、 money from high-savings emerging-market economiesespecially in Asiathat run chronic balance-of-payments surpluses. According to this school of thought, excessive savings pushed long-term interest rates down to rock-bottom levels, leading to asset bubbles in the United States and elsewhere.The alter
4、native theoryof a global credit glutgained more ground with the release last week of the Financial Stability Boards report on shadow banking. The FSB report contains startling revelations about the scale of global shadow banking, which it defines as “credit intermediation involving entities and acti
5、vities outside the regular banking system”.The report, which was requested by G20 leaders at their summit in Seoul last November, found that between 2002 and 2007, the shadow banking system increased by $33 trillion, more than doubling in asset size from $27 trillion to $60 trillion. This is 8.5 tim
6、es higher than the total US currentaccount deficit of $3.9 trillion during the same period.The shadow banking system is estimated at roughly 25%-30% of the global financial system ($250 trillion, excluding derivatives) and at half of total global banking assets. This represents a huge regulatory “bl
7、ack hole” at the center of the global financial system, hitherto not closely monitored for monetary and financial stability purposes. Its importance was exposed only by analysis of the key roles played by structured investment vehicles (SIVs) and money-market funds (MMFs) in the 2008 meltdown.The sh
8、adow banking system is complex, because it comprises a mix of institutions and vehicles. Investment funds other than MMFs account for 29% of total, and SIVs make up 9%, but the shadow system also includes public financial institutions (such as the government-backed mortgage lender Fannie Mae in the
9、US). They are some of the largest counterparties with the regular banking system, and their combined credit creation and proprietary trading and hedging may account for much of the global liquidity flows that make monetary and financial stability so difficult to ensure.The trouble is that, by 2010,
10、the shadow banking system was about the same size as it was just before the 2007 market crash, whereas the regulated global banking system was 18% larger than in 2007. That is why the FSB report pinpoints the shadow banking system, together with the large global banks, as sources of systemic risk. B
11、ut the global problem is likely to be much larger than the sum of its parts. Specifically, global credit creation by the regular and shadow banking systems is likely to be significantly larger than the sum of the credit creation currently measured by national statistics.21. Which of the following mi
12、ght be the best title for the passage?22. The global liquidity flows include the following EXCEPT _.23. According to the report requested by G20 leaders, how much money in total for the shadow banking system before 2008 meltdown?24. As the passage indicates, what is the rough figure for the total gl
13、obal banking assets just before the 2007 market crash?25. The words “proprietary trading” could best be replaced by which of the following?问题1选项A.Credit Glut or Saving GlutB.The coming Global Credit GlutC.The Regular and Shadow Banking SystemsD.Monetary and Financial Stability问题2选项A.money-market fun
14、ds (MMFs)B.structured investment vehicles (SIVs)C.the combined credit creationD.proprietary trading and hedging fund问题3选项A.$17.4 trillionB.$27 trillionC.$3.9 trillionD.$60 trillion问题4选项A.$250 trillionB.$5.4 trillionC.$33 trillionD.$120 trillion问题5选项A.haircutB.carry tradeC.using the firms own capital
15、D.high frequency trading (HFT)【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】21.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句a global credit glutgained more ground（全球信贷过剩得到了更多的支持），后文对此展开讨论，根据文章最后一句Specifically, global credit creation by the regular and shadow banking systems is likely to be significantly larger than the sum of the credit creation currently measured by national statistics.（具体来说，常规银行和影子银行系统在全球创造的信贷很可能远远大于目前国家统计数据所衡量的信贷创造总量。），可知文章在预测全球信贷过剩，所以B选项“即将到来的全球信贷过剩”正确。A选项“信贷过剩还是储蓄过剩”：这只是文章开头的不同观点来引入主题，不是主要内容，故错误。C选项“常规银行系统和影子银行系统”和D选项“货币和金融稳定”：都是主要内容的部分内容，故错误。因此B选项正确。22.语义推测题。根据第五段第二句Investment fu
