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1、动词语态They speak English.他们讲英语。主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示；English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、 被动语态的构成1、 助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。二、 主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语
2、态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。 They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代
3、词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、 各种时态的被动语态1.一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词A present was given
4、to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4.现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。1、 过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。2、 现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been wat
5、ered.这些花已经被浇了。3、 过去完成时：had been+过去分词 She said this lift had never been used.4、 过去将来时：would be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week.这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。9、 含有情态动词的被动语态,结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头
6、制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 四、 被动语态的特殊用法1、 不及物动词不用于被动语态。Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。2、 表状态动词不用于被动语态常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等3、 某些动词的进行时可表被动The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。The cakes are
7、 baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。4、 主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The children need looking
8、 after.孩子们需要照看。3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。被动语态（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示
9、主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken 过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken
10、过去完成时：had been + spoken（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory
11、.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.（四）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.（五）特殊情况（一感二听三让四看）1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was m
12、ade to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)二、 典型例题 （
13、）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tellB. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2.Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled down C. will pull downD.arepulled d
14、own（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _?- Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold（ ）6The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）7.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）8Those eggs of different col
