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1、定语从句中如何选择关系词，技巧方法讲解与专项练习考点精讲精练考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。（例句中，This is the boy.是主句。）定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）（例句中，whowon the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定语从
2、句, 修饰 the boy。）先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。（例句中，the boy是先行词。）关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。（例句中，who是关系代词。）关系词的三个作用i .作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii .起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看 P.错误!未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。iii .代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）B.关系代词i .指人时可以用 who,也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/t
3、hat is my desk mateThe man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom uncle.ii .指物时可以用 which,也可用that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/tha t was shown last Sunday.iii . whose可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life tim
4、e.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.iv .关系代词作宾语时可以省略。I like the meal that/which / （） we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/（ ） we talked about just now 注：（）表示关系代词省略C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如： We will put off the picnic until next week when
5、 the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way howl did it. （how 不能作关系词）基础过关1 .用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man/was here yesterday is a painter. The man/I saw is called Smith. A child parents are dead is called an orphan. I
6、d like a room window looks out over the sea. A letter/is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter/I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy/you are looking for. Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting This is the school I used to study. I still remember the day
7、 we met for the first time.2 .用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词主句：定语从句：（）先行词：平行词 I 关系词：例：This is jhe book （that I have been looking for）. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still liv
8、es in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was John s sister. There is no reason why we shouldn t be friends. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we h
9、ad to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born考点2.关系词的选择技巧A.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语班句.中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school
10、 which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.在句和句中，先行词前都有 in,但关系词有用 which也有用where的；在句和句中，先行词都是the school,但关系词有用 which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which ；在句和句中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。 B.选用关系词的方法：一 找
11、“二 还“三 替换”一 .我：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）二 .还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）三 .替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如： This is the school I once studied. This is the school is the most famous in the city.
12、 I am studying at a school my father teaches English.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用 what的要换为which/that。因此，
13、答案为：；2. that/which ； 3. whereC.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009 江西】 The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that; D关系词一般不位于句末；而 B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选Bo利用一 “找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Is this the reasonhe explaine
14、d at the meeting for his carelessness in his workA. thatB. whatC. howD. why2.Is this the reasonhe was so careless in his workA. thatB. whatC. howD. why3.The reasonhe didn t come washe was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. forthat; thatD. for which; what4.He lives in a villageis not far from the city.A.
15、 whichB. whereC. whatD. whose5.He lives in the villagehe was born.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose6.In an hour, we travel to placescould have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what7.In an hour, we travel to placeswe can relax and get refreshed.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what8.I ll never forgethe dayswe spent together.A. thatB. /C. whenD. A and B9 .【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
