动词的名词形式

《动词的名词形式》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词的名词形式（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、定义由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保存着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式， 用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词 来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 作主语Reading is an art. 读书是 一种艺术。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件 愉快的

2、事而是一件痛苦的事。动名词作主语，在动词的根底上加Ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作 名词灵活使用。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人参加真是浪费时间。It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。There is no jokin

3、g about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作 主语的情况进行讨论。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer.2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, w

4、onderful，enjoyable, interesting，foolish， difficult， useless， senseless， worthwhile，等。注意：important, essential， necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。3. 用于“There be结构中。例如：There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟No parking. 禁止停车5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词

5、有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也 可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.6例词shopping fishing cycling 这些都是很常见的动名词 二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比拟 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象 动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比拟：Smoking is not good for health.It is no

6、t good for you to smoke so much.注意：1）在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。2）在 “It is no use., “It is no good. ，“It is fhn.，“It is a waste of time.等句型中， 通常用动名词作真实主语：It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.3）在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：Does yo

7、ur saying that mean anything to him?*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?4）在“There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telling what will happen.It is impossible to tell what will happen.5）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原那么，主语和表语在 形式上要求统一：Seeing is believing.*To see is to believe.作宾语1作动词的宾语 某些动

8、词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词 有： admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keepon,mind,report,risk,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,

9、insist on,cant help,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote.to., look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如：They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks tr

10、affic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规那么时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。2作介词的宾语We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的方 案。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？ 3作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。We are busy preparing for the coming

11、sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准 备。作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表 语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的

12、某种用途。如：a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping

13、pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping结构和形式 动名词的否认结构动名词的否认结构由not动名词组成。如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。Im sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，没有早给你打 。He felt sorry for not havin

14、g done the work well.他为没有把工作做好感到难过。I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.我看不去对你倒好了。not going是动名词一般式的否认形式There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. no denying 也是动名词一般式的否认 动名词复合结构通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语 动的主语时，那么需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的 复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。1逻辑主

15、语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时尤其在 口语中，也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如：Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗？宾语The students knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。主语Do you mind my(me) smoking你介意我抽烟吗？宾语They insist on Marys (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。介词宾语 2逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如：Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？Is there any hope of our team winning the match 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？(3) 逻 辑 主 语 是 指 示 代 词 或 不 定 代 词 this that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时，只用普通格。如：She was woken up by s