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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题What these people want is a _ existencemore food, better shelter and peace.问题1选项A.rationalB.ambivalentC.reluctantD.tolerable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项rational“合理的，理性的”，B项ambivalent“矛盾的，好恶相克的”，C项reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”，D项tolerable“可容忍的，容忍的”。由more food, better shelter and
2、peace（更多的食物，更好的住所和和平）可知，空格处是要填入一个褒义词，B、C项排除；D项不符合语境，只有A项正确。句意：这些人想要的是一种理性的生活：更多的食物，更好的住所和和平。因此，该题选择A项。2. 单选题Do not pad your paper with _ matters; stick to essential items only.问题1选项A.extrinsicB.extantC.extraneousD.extrovert【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项extrinsic表示“外在的，外来的”，B项extant表示“现存的，显著的”，C项extraneous表示“没有
3、直接联系的，无关的”，D项extrovert为名词，表示“外向，外倾者”。根据后面的句子stick to essential items only（只做重要的事情），结合前面的否定do not可知，空格处要填入一个与essential相反的词语，因此，“无关的”符合语境。句意：不要用不相干的东西填满你的纸，只做重要的事情。因此，该题选择C项正确。3. 单选题Despite the _ of her busy afternoonshomework, carpooling, dinner preparationshe strives to maintain an inner sense of or
4、der and calm.问题1选项A.enigmaB.turbulenceC.labyrinthD.precariousness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项enigma“谜，不可思议的东西”，B项turbulence“骚乱，动荡，混乱”，C项labyrinth“迷宫”，D项precariousness“不安全，不稳定”。由后面的句子she strives to maintain an inner sense of order and calm（她努力保持内心的秩序和平静），结合despite（尽管）可知，“混乱”符合语境。句意：尽管下午很忙：家庭作业，拼车，准备晚餐，但她努力保持内心
5、的秩序和平静。因此，该题选择B项。4. 单选题Ken loves to argue just for the sake of arguing. With such a _ personality, hes sure to be a trial lawyer.问题1选项A.disputatiousB.captiousC.belligerentD.malicious【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项disputatious“爱争辩的”，B项captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，C项belligerent“交战的，好战的”，D项malicious“恶意的，恶毒的”。根据前半句的意思“Ken喜欢为
6、了争论而争论”可知，A项符合。句意：Ken喜欢为了争论而争论；有这样一个好争辩的性格，他一定会成为一名辩护律师。因此，该题选择A项。5. 单选题The yoga instructor explained that deep, diaphragmatic breathing is palpable when one places her hand on her abdomen.问题1选项A.tangibleB.dappledC.pedanticD.variable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干palpable“易于察觉的；可意识到的”。A项“有形的；可感知的”，B项“有斑点的；花斑的”，
7、C项“迂腐的”，D项“多变的；易变的”。根据选项词义，选A。句意：瑜伽教练解释说，当一个人把手放在腹部时，可以感觉到腹式深呼吸。6. 单选题Simply surviving those ocean crossings of indeterminate length, in open canoes, to arrive on the shores of uninhabited and hitherto unknown islands, was a formidable achievement.问题1选项A.undecidedB.uncertainC.unacceptableD.increasin
8、g【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项undecided“未定的，未决定的”，B项uncertain“无把握的，多变的，不确定的”，C项unacceptable“不能接受的，不受欢迎的”，D项increasing“越来越多的，渐增的”。句意：仅仅是乘着独木舟在漫长的海上航行中幸存下来，到达无人居住的、无人知道的岛屿的海岸，就是一项了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不确定的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项。7. 单选题Just a week after Scottish embryologists announced that they had succ
9、eeded in cloning a sheep from a single adult cell, both the genetics community and the world 31 are coming to an unsettling realization: the science is the easy part. It is not 32 the breakthrough was not decades in the making. Its just that once it was complete once you 33 how to transfer the genet
10、ic schematics from an adult cell into a living ovum and keep the fragile embryo 34 throughout gestation. most of your basic biological work was finished. The social and philosophical temblors it triggers, 35, have merely begun.Only now, as the news of Dolly, the 36 oblivious sheep, becomes part of t
11、he cultural debate, are we beginning to 37 those soul-quakes? How will the new technology be regulated? What does the sudden ability to make genetic stencils of ourselves say about the concept of individuality? Is there something about the individual that is lost when the mystical act of 38 a person
12、 becomes standardized into a mere act of photocopying one?Last week President Clinton took the first tentative step toward answering these questions, charging a U.S. commission 39 the task of investigating the legal and 40 implications of the new technology and reporting back to him with their findi
13、ngs within 90 days. Later this week the House subcommittee on basic research will hold a hearing to 41 the same issues. The probable tone of those sessions was established last week when Harold Varmus, director of the National Institute of Health, told another subcommittee that cloning a person is “
14、42 to the American public.”Around the globe, the reaction was just as 43 Frances undersecretary for research 44 human cloning as “unthinkable,” the Council of Europe Secretary General called it “unacceptable,” and Germanys Minister of Research and Technology flatly declared: “There will never be a h
15、uman clone.” Agreed Professor Akira Irirani, an embryology expert at Osakas Kinki University, “We must 45 applying the technique to human beings.”问题1选项A.at lengthB.at largeC.at mostD.at least问题2选项A.thatB.butC.exceptD.because问题3选项A.make outB.work outC.think outD.figure out问题4选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live问题5选项A.moreoverB.yetC.howeverD.specially问题6选项A.sublim
