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1、Module5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaIntroduction1.In ancient China，private teachers traveled from state to state explaining their philosophy.在古代中国，许多私塾先生都周游各国宣传他们的哲学思想。philosophyU哲学；哲学体系。例如：the philosophy of Aristotle 亚里士多德的哲学体系2.Confucius was the most important of the ancient
2、Chinese philosophers.孔夫子是当代中国最重要的哲学家。philosopherC哲学家，思想家；贤人，哲人；学者。例如：the Greek philosophers希腊哲学家take things like a philosopher达观处世3.Confuciuss teachings influences society for more than 2000 years.孔子的思想教诲影响了社会两千多年。teachingsU教义；教诲；教导。例如：the teachings of the Church教会的教义the teachings of Buddha佛教的教义4.Ot
3、her important thinkers included Mengzi and Mozi.其他的思想家还有孟子和墨子。thinkerC思想家，思索者。例如：a great thinker 伟大的思想家a shallow thinker 浮浅的思想家5.All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government.这三位思想家都相信仁政的重要性。importanceU重要性，重大。例如：the importance of education教育的重要性the importance of the p
4、roblem问题的重要性a person of importance一位重要的人物news of importance重要新闻6.For example，he hated the idea of war and believed that strong people should look after weaker people.比如，他痛恨战争并且认为强者应当照顾弱者。look after 照顾，照料。例如：My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。Hes good at looking a
5、fter himself.他很会照顾自己。7.All human beings are equal.所有的人都是平等的。equal adj.平等的；相等的。例如：All men are born equal.人生而平等。Fight for equal rights of men and women.为男女权利平等而奋斗。8.People are more important than rulers.人民比统治者重要。rulerC统治者；主宰者。例如：He was the first ruler of the empire.他是这个帝国的第一位统治者。9.I very much agree wi
6、th statement 4.我非常同意第四种陈述。agree with v.同意。例如：We all agree with what he said.我们都同意他说的话。At last，she agreed with my words.最后，她同意了我的观点。I think I will agree with you.我想我会同意你的意思。Reading and Vocabulary1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war.古代中国是一个战乱频繁的地方。warC&U战争，战争状态。例如：the horrors of
7、war战争的恐怖the outbreak of war战争的爆发the art of war兵法（战略和战术）the Second World War 第二次世界大战nuclear war核战争the civil war国内战争2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但同时也是一个拥有很多伟大哲学家的一个时期。time C时期；时代。例如：in ancient times 古代 hard times艰苦时代ahead of ones time 思想超时代的behind the times 落伍，跟不上时代
8、in the times of Henry 在亨利三世时代in modern times 在现代3.He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.他强调仁义、道德 、礼仪在社会中的重要性。（1）kindness U 仁慈；和蔼；好意。例如：Thank you for all your kindness.感谢你的帮助。They were keeping her only out of kindness.他们出于仁慈之心才一直收养着她。（2）duty CU（道德上的）责任，义务。例如：Do not forget y
9、our duty to your parents.不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。The children send their duty to their teachers.孩子们对他们的老师很尊敬。（3）order n.礼仪。例如：the order of service as laid down in the Prayer Book祈祷书上规定的礼仪4.Mengzi was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius.孟子是一个思想家，他的思想和孔子有些类似。that是代词，代替teachings。例如：Th
10、e population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本的多。The air of a suburb is cleaner than that of a city.郊外的空气比都市的（空气）干净。5.His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.他很小的时候，他父亲就去世了，他由母亲带大。bring up养育，抚养。例如:She brought up five children.她养育了五个孩子。He was brought up resp
11、ect authority.他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育。His parents died when he was a baby and he was brought up by her aunt.他出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。6.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.然而，当他看到统治者不采取他的建议时，他辞职了。resign v.辞职；放弃（权利）。例如：resign ones position（as secretary）辞去（秘书）职务resign office辞职r
12、esign from a job辞职resign his post 辞职7.For many years he traveled from state to state，teaching the principles of Confucius.多年来，他周游各国传授孔子的道德思想。principleU道义；为人之道。例如：It is a matter of principle with her to answer her childrens questions honestly.如实地答复孩子们的询问对她来说关系到做人的大问题。8.Mengzi believed that the reason
13、 why man is different from the animals is that man is good.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因在于人是善良的。这个句子是一个很复杂的复合句。例如：I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy.我不知道他为什么看上去不高兴。9.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.墨子创立了墨子哲学。found vt.创立（学说等）；创办。例如：The school was founded in 1920.这所学校创立于1920年。The ancient Romans fou
14、nded colonies throughout Europe.古罗马人在整个欧洲建立了殖民地。10.In some ways，his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.在某些方面，他的主张和孔子的差不多。beliefC&U 信念，信仰，信条。例如：a strong belief in God 虔诚地信仰上帝the Christian belief基督教信仰11.As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachi
15、ngs.结果，他花了很多年的时间想找一个人们能听从他教诲的国家。spend time（in）doing 花费时间做。例如：I spent an hour reading.我花了一小时来读书。Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造。12.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.墨子教导我们应该去爱护所有的人，去照顾那些比我们自己弱小的人。该句是一个比较复杂的复合句。Function1.Often，the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not
